Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Section 5Section 5

Objectives1.Explain how the new discoveries in astronomy changed the way people viewed the universe2.Understand the new scientific method and how it developed3.Analyze the contribution that Newton and other scientists made to the Scientific Revolution

• MathMath– Governs the laws of the universeGoverns the laws of the universe

• GeocentricGeocentric– Earth centered universeEarth centered universe– Taught by Aristotle and PtolemyTaught by Aristotle and Ptolemy

• Ptolemaic SystemPtolemaic System• The system believed by the churchThe system believed by the church

• HeliocentricHeliocentric– Sun centered universeSun centered universe– Nicolas CopernicusNicolas Copernicus

• Polish MathematicianPolish Mathematician• Sun at the centerSun at the center

– Earth is one of 7 planets that orbit itEarth is one of 7 planets that orbit it

• Tycho BraheTycho Brahe– Danish AstronomerDanish Astronomer– Provided evidence for Copernicus’ TheoryProvided evidence for Copernicus’ Theory– Accumulated data for years about the Accumulated data for years about the

movements of the skymovements of the sky

• Johannes KeplerJohannes Kepler– German MathematicianGerman Mathematician– Used Brahe’s informationUsed Brahe’s information

• Calculated the orbits of the planetsCalculated the orbits of the planets• Came to the conclusion that they were ellipticalCame to the conclusion that they were elliptical

• GalileoGalileo– Created the telescopeCreated the telescope• What he was able to see:What he was able to see:

– 4 moons of Jupiter4 moons of Jupiter– Craters on the MoonCraters on the Moon– SunspotsSunspots

• 16331633– Tried before the Inquisition about his claimsTried before the Inquisition about his claims– Sentenced to house arrestSentenced to house arrest

• He agreed to state publically that the Earth He agreed to state publically that the Earth stood motionless in the middle of the stood motionless in the middle of the Universe.Universe.– Legend has it that as he left the court, he said Legend has it that as he left the court, he said

“And yet it moves.”“And yet it moves.”

• Rene DescartesRene Descartes– French PhilosopherFrench Philosopher• Rejected AristotleRejected Aristotle

– Believed that human reasoning is the best road to Believed that human reasoning is the best road to understandingunderstanding

• DoubtDoubt– The only thing that he could question The only thing that he could question – In order to doubt something, one must exist as a In order to doubt something, one must exist as a

rational, thinking beingrational, thinking being– ““I think therefore, I am.”I think therefore, I am.”

• Francis BaconFrancis Bacon– English ScientistEnglish Scientist

• Created Scientific MethodCreated Scientific Method– Collect DataCollect Data– Explain a HypothesisExplain a Hypothesis

» Possible explanation of somethingPossible explanation of something– Test the HypothesisTest the Hypothesis

• Robert BoyleRobert Boyle– AlchemistAlchemist

• Science of turning ordinary metal into GoldScience of turning ordinary metal into Gold– His work helped with the modern chemical His work helped with the modern chemical

analysis of the composition of matteranalysis of the composition of matter

• Isaac NewtonIsaac Newton– Wrote PrincipiaWrote Principia• Laws of MotionLaws of Motion

– All of which can be derived from MathematicsAll of which can be derived from Mathematics

• GravityGravity– Keeps Planets in motionKeeps Planets in motion

• CalculusCalculus– Created by NewtonCreated by Newton

» Used to describe his laws of motionUsed to describe his laws of motion