chapter 1: the historical jesus the historical jesus the historical jesus

Chapter 1:Chapter 1:The Historical Jesus

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V5Au2hURsWI

HomeworkHomework• ((due Weds., 2/13due Weds., 2/13) Read pp. 22-27; ) Read pp. 22-27;

RQs, p 27RQs, p 27• (due Thurs., 2/14)(due Thurs., 2/14) “Primary “Primary

Source Analysis” worksheet Source Analysis” worksheet (complete Review (complete Review andand Reflection Reflection sections)sections)

• (due Fri., 2/15)(due Fri., 2/15) QUIZ on “Case for QUIZ on “Case for Christ” worksheetChrist” worksheet

• ((due Weds., 3/13) due Weds., 3/13) Read pp. 27-Read pp. 27-34; RQs p. 34 & view VT lecture: 34; RQs p. 34 & view VT lecture: The Scriptures & JesusThe Scriptures & Jesus

HomeworkHomework• (due Mon., 3/18)(due Mon., 3/18) Watch 3 of any Watch 3 of any

remaining segments of remaining segments of The Lost Gospels and write 1 pg:and write 1 pg:– What about this issue is controversial? What about this issue is controversial?

Why? Why?– Do these gospels meet the 3 criteria Do these gospels meet the 3 criteria

for “canonicity” (see p. 34, RQ # 8)for “canonicity” (see p. 34, RQ # 8)– What sayings/teachings were contrary What sayings/teachings were contrary

to the 4 canonical Gospels?to the 4 canonical Gospels?– Are these gospels authentic? Why/not?Are these gospels authentic? Why/not?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-L7cQ3BrD5U&p=130B656973CF7EEC

HomeworkHomework• (due Tues., 3/19) (due Tues., 3/19) Read pp. 35-Read pp. 35-

39; RQs, p. 3939; RQs, p. 39• (due Weds., 3/20) (due Weds., 3/20) Read pp. Read pp.

39-48; RQs, p. 4839-48; RQs, p. 48• (due ., /)(due ., /) Read p. 38 on Read p. 38 on Lectio Lectio

Divina, Divina, and list & explain and list & explain (briefly) the steps .(briefly) the steps .

HomeworkHomework• (due Thurs., 3/21) (due Thurs., 3/21) Review:Review:

– Chapter 1 RQs & PPt notesChapter 1 RQs & PPt notes– ““Chap. Summary Points”, p. 49Chap. Summary Points”, p. 49

• (Mon., 3/25) (Mon., 3/25) TEST on Chapter TEST on Chapter 11

Did Jesus exist?Did Jesus exist?• Biblical and Biblical and

“extra-biblical” “extra-biblical” evidenceevidence

• 4 non-Christian 4 non-Christian historians historians mention Jesus:mention Jesus:– TacitusTacitus– SuetoniusSuetonius– Pliny the Pliny the

YoungerYounger– Josephus FlaviusJosephus Flavius

Presenters must cover:Presenters must cover:• Basic indentificationBasic indentification• Source of writingSource of writing• Details re: Details re:

Jesus/ChristiansJesus/Christians• Other important Other important

infoinfo• Reflect: What does Reflect: What does

___ say that is ___ say that is important to our important to our knowledge of the knowledge of the “historical” Jesus?“historical” Jesus?

““Testament”?Testament”?

= pact, agreement, covenant= pact, agreement, covenant

OT made thru Moses > JewsOT made thru Moses > Jews

NT “ “ Jesus > All NT “ “ Jesus > All PeoplesPeoples

Bible divided into:Bible divided into:


Old TestamentOld Testament


Old TestamentOld Testament

New TestamentNew Testament

O.T. divided into:O.T. divided into:

NT (27)

OT


NT (27)

Torah(5)

OT


NT (27)

Torah(5)

OTHistorica

l(18)


NT (27)

Torah(5)

OTHistorica

l(18)

Prophetic(16)


NT (27)

Torah(5)

OTHistorica

l(18)

(46)Prophetic

(16)

Wisdom(7)

N.T. divided into:N.T. divided into:

NT

OT


Gospels(4)

NT

OT


Gospels(4)

Acts(1)

NT

OT


Gospels(4)

Acts(1)

NT

Letters(21)

OT


Gospels(4)

Acts(1)

NT

Letters(21)

(27)

Revelation

(1)

OT

Complete Structure of Complete Structure of BibleBible

Gospels(4)

Acts(1)

NT

Letters(21)

(27)

Revelation

(1)

Torah(5)

OTHistorica

l(18)

(46)Prophetic

(16)

Wisdom(7)

Deutero-canonical Deutero-canonical booksbooks

Deutero-canonical Books = 7 Books Deutero-canonical Books = 7 Books accepted by Catholic Church…Why?accepted by Catholic Church…Why?

from Alexandrian Canonfrom Alexandrian Canon

The AC based on The AC based on Septuagint,Septuagint, Greek OT Greek OT

Jesus & apostles knew, read & Jesus & apostles knew, read & accepted accepted SeptuagintSeptuagint..

These books not found in versions These books not found in versions of Bible based on older Hebrew of Bible based on older Hebrew canoncanon

Deutero-canonical Deutero-canonical booksbooks

1.1. TobitTobit2.2. JudithJudith3.3. WisdomWisdom4.4. SirachSirach5.5. BaruchBaruch6.6. 1 Maccabees1 Maccabees7.7. 2 Maccabees2 Maccabees

(also parts of Esther & Daniel)(also parts of Esther & Daniel)

Biblical Inspiration Biblical Inspiration defined:defined:

Principle Author= God (Holy Principle Author= God (Holy Spirit)Spirit)

H. Sp. guided human authors H. Sp. guided human authors to write, in their own style, to write, in their own style, words, etc. the truth He was words, etc. the truth He was revealing to themrevealing to them

See Pope Leo XIII quote from See Pope Leo XIII quote from Providentissimus DeusProvidentissimus Deus

How?How?

Bible on InspirationBible on Inspiration

In OT:In OT:Isaiah 8:1Isaiah 8:1

Wisdom 7:15Wisdom 7:15

In NT:In NT:2 Peter 1: 20-212 Peter 1: 20-21

Theories of InspirationTheories of Inspiration

Divine DictationDivine Dictation Writer = robotWriter = robot

Negative AssistanceNegative Assistance Spirit = Spirit = watchdogwatchdog

Positive AssistancePositive Assistance Spirit & Spirit & writer =teamwriter =team

Tradition on InspirationTradition on Inspiration

Early Church Fathers (writers Early Church Fathers (writers in period after NT times)in period after NT times)

Official Church Official Church pronouncements throughout pronouncements throughout historyhistory

Extent of InspirationExtent of Inspiration

Pope Leo XIII in Pope Leo XIII in P.D.P.D.: Bible : Bible in all in all its partsits parts is inspired is inspired (not just “faith & (not just “faith & morals”)morals”)

Whole Bible= Word Whole Bible= Word of God… but…of God… but…

Inspired truth not= Inspired truth not= literalliteral truth truth

““Inerrancy” of Inerrancy” of ScriptureScripture

Scientific Scientific errors?errors?

Creation/Creation/evolutionevolution

• Historical Historical errors?errors?– DatesDates

Since it is inspired, the Bible is free from error in matters of salvation, that is, our eternal relationship with God

Bible InterpretationBible Interpretation

Final interpreter= Teaching Final interpreter= Teaching Authority of Church Authority of Church (Magisterium). Why?(Magisterium). Why?

Christ promised that the Holy Christ promised that the Holy Spirit would guide the ChurchSpirit would guide the Church

Canon of the BibleCanon of the Bible

Canon= official list of inspired Canon= official list of inspired books of the Biblebooks of the Bible

Canonicity= issue of how Canonicity= issue of how books are determined as books are determined as canonicalcanonical


When? 393 A.D. Council of When? 393 A.D. Council of Hippo (other Councils affirmed Hippo (other Councils affirmed same)same)

Which? Which? OT= 46OT= 46

NT= 27NT= 27

Bible= 73Bible= 73


Who ? Who ? Church authority, given by Christ, Church authority, given by Christ, inspired by H.Sp.inspired by H.Sp.

Why?Why?1.1.Apostolic originApostolic origin

2.2.Widespread acceptanceWidespread acceptance

3.3.Conformity to the “rule of faith”Conformity to the “rule of faith”

Non-Canonical Non-Canonical Gospels??Gospels??

Writings about Jesus NOT Writings about Jesus NOT included in the canon of included in the canon of Scripture (see p. 34, green Scripture (see p. 34, green box!)box!)

Dead Sea ScrollsDead Sea Scrolls

What was found?


What was found? 800 documents—mostly fragments; 200 biblical



When were they found?




Between 1947 and 1956





Where were they found?

11 caves at Qumran (near the Dead Sea)







Why are they important?







Why are they important?

Closer to originals by 1,000 yrs., giving clearer picture of biblical times

Council of Blakefield:Council of Blakefield:• What info was What info was

controversial/erroneoucontroversial/erroneous?s?

• Which “canon-criteria” Which “canon-criteria” were/were not met?were/were not met?

• What What sayings/teachings were sayings/teachings were contrary to the 4 contrary to the 4 canonical Gospels?canonical Gospels?

Formation of the Formation of the GospelsGospels

• Stage 1Stage 1: Public : Public Life and Teaching Life and Teaching of Jesusof Jesus

• Stage 2Stage 2: Oral : Oral TraditionTradition

• Stage 3Stage 3: New : New Testament Testament WritingsWritings

What What isis the “Gospel”? the “Gospel”?

• ““Gospel” means Gospel” means “good news” “good news” – Old English = Old English =

““godspellgodspell””– Greek = “Greek = “euangelioneuangelion””

• Simply, term used by Simply, term used by Paul to refer to his Paul to refer to his message: the “good message: the “good news” of and about news” of and about Jesus the ChristJesus the Christ

What What isis the “Gospel”? the “Gospel”?• Though there are Though there are

four “gospels,” four “gospels,” there is really one:there is really one:

• The Good News of The Good News of Jesus Christ…Jesus Christ…

Birth of the Gospels: Birth of the Gospels: KerygmaKerygma

• The The kerygmakerygma was the was the original good news original good news preached by the preached by the Apostles…Apostles…

• That Christ died for our That Christ died for our sins according to the sins according to the Scriptures, was buried Scriptures, was buried and rose from the dead, and rose from the dead, giving us unending Lifegiving us unending Life

Why was NT written?Why was NT written?• End of world not End of world not

immanent (close)immanent (close)

• Distortions in Distortions in message were message were beginning to occurbeginning to occur

• Further teaching Further teaching was needed– was needed– deeper, more deeper, more details, etc.details, etc.

Interpreting the NTInterpreting the NT• Lectio Divina:Lectio Divina:

– ““sacred reading”sacred reading”– Deep, personalDeep, personal– ““Praying the Praying the

Scriptures”Scriptures”

• Historical-critical Historical-critical approach: approach: – Looking carefully at Looking carefully at

texts in their texts in their historical & literary historical & literary contextscontexts

Interpreting the NTInterpreting the NT• 3 Rules of Catholic 3 Rules of Catholic

interpretation:interpretation:1.1.Content & unity of Content & unity of

wholewhole Scripture Scripture2.2.w/in living w/in living

Tradition of ChurchTradition of Church3.3.Attention to Attention to

“analogy of faith,” “analogy of faith,” ie. how truths of ie. how truths of faith fit together as faith fit together as a wholea whole

Critical MethodsCritical Methods1.1. Source CriticismSource Criticism2.2. Historical Historical

CriticismCriticism3.3. Form CriticismForm Criticism4.4. Redaction Redaction

CriticismCriticism5.5. Textual CriticismTextual Criticism

Groups will:Groups will:1.1. Define the methodDefine the method

2.2. Explain it Explain it thoroughly, using thoroughly, using important info important info from RQs, etc.from RQs, etc.

3.3. Apply the method Apply the method to a certain to a certain Scripture passageScripture passage

Lectio DivinaLectio Divina• Lectio Lectio (slow, (slow,

attentive readingattentive reading• MeditatioMeditatio (thinking, (thinking,

reflecting on textreflecting on text• OratioOratio ( thoughts > ( thoughts >

conversation w/ conversation w/ God)God)

• Contemplatio Contemplatio ( words> silence… )( words> silence… )

• [Resolution: decide [Resolution: decide to to actact on your on your lectiolectio]]

chapter 1: the historical jesus the historical jesus the historical jesus

Documents

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