chapter 1: the nation’s beginnings exploration & the colonial era to 1763

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CHAPTER 1: CHAPTER 1: The Nation’s The Nation’s Beginnings Beginnings EXPLORATION & THE EXPLORATION & THE COLONIAL ERA to 1763 COLONIAL ERA to 1763

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Page 1: CHAPTER 1: The Nation’s Beginnings EXPLORATION & THE COLONIAL ERA to 1763

CHAPTER 1:CHAPTER 1:The Nation’s Beginnings The Nation’s Beginnings

EXPLORATION & THE EXPLORATION & THE COLONIAL ERA to 1763COLONIAL ERA to 1763

Page 2: CHAPTER 1: The Nation’s Beginnings EXPLORATION & THE COLONIAL ERA to 1763

Age of Exploration, 1400-Age of Exploration, 1400-17001700

► Main idea: exploration often occurs due to Main idea: exploration often occurs due to economic, political, social and religious factors.economic, political, social and religious factors.

► Religious/Social Changes (Can you remember?)Religious/Social Changes (Can you remember?)► Economic/Political Changes (Can you Economic/Political Changes (Can you

remember?)remember?)

► What were the causes and effects of European What were the causes and effects of European arrival in the Americas?arrival in the Americas?

► Answer with a partner (5 bullet points)Answer with a partner (5 bullet points)

Page 3: CHAPTER 1: The Nation’s Beginnings EXPLORATION & THE COLONIAL ERA to 1763

Who Was First?Who Was First?

Native Americans (duh)Native Americans (duh)

Page 4: CHAPTER 1: The Nation’s Beginnings EXPLORATION & THE COLONIAL ERA to 1763

Native AmericansNative Americans

►……the Native Americans were the Native Americans were descendants of Mongoloid groups descendants of Mongoloid groups which crossed from Siberia into North which crossed from Siberia into North America via the America via the BeringBering StraightStraight – – then a land bridge – then a land bridge –

between 20,000 – 40,000 years ago between 20,000 – 40,000 years ago and proceeded to fan out throughout and proceeded to fan out throughout the Americasthe Americas

Page 5: CHAPTER 1: The Nation’s Beginnings EXPLORATION & THE COLONIAL ERA to 1763
Page 6: CHAPTER 1: The Nation’s Beginnings EXPLORATION & THE COLONIAL ERA to 1763

America Pre-ColumbusAmerica Pre-Columbus

Page 7: CHAPTER 1: The Nation’s Beginnings EXPLORATION & THE COLONIAL ERA to 1763

Northwest NativesNorthwest Natives

Avid Avid traderstradersAcquisition of material goods resulted in Acquisition of material goods resulted in

higher higher statusstatusGift-giving ceremonies called Gift-giving ceremonies called potlatchespotlatches

marked public displays of wealthmarked public displays of wealthAbundance of fish and mild climate made Abundance of fish and mild climate made

many tribes relatively many tribes relatively prosperousprosperousCarved elaborate and intricate Carved elaborate and intricate totemtotem poles poles

(represented ancestral heritage(represented ancestral heritage))

Page 8: CHAPTER 1: The Nation’s Beginnings EXPLORATION & THE COLONIAL ERA to 1763

Southwest NativesSouthwest Natives

►AridArid conditions made life tougher conditions made life tougher►Tribes such as the Apache were Tribes such as the Apache were

foragersforagers – scrounging for everything – scrounging for everything from bison to grasshoppersfrom bison to grasshoppers

► In most of [what is now] California, most In most of [what is now] California, most of the tribes were pretty of the tribes were pretty laid-backlaid-back

►Living in villages and lived off the land Living in villages and lived off the land as hunters and gatherersas hunters and gatherers

Page 9: CHAPTER 1: The Nation’s Beginnings EXPLORATION & THE COLONIAL ERA to 1763

Great Plains NativesGreat Plains Natives

►Game, especially Game, especially bisonbison, was plentiful, was plentiful►Few hunted because of no Few hunted because of no horseshorses until until

the mid 1500sthe mid 1500s►Tribes stalked, ambushes, and Tribes stalked, ambushes, and

occasionally stampeded a herd of bison occasionally stampeded a herd of bison over a cliffover a cliff

►Semi-Semi-nomadicnomadic – packed up their – packed up their teepeesteepees and moved on when the local and moved on when the local food got scarcefood got scarce

Page 10: CHAPTER 1: The Nation’s Beginnings EXPLORATION & THE COLONIAL ERA to 1763

Northeast NativesNortheast Natives

Two large groups: Iroquois and AlgonquinTwo large groups: Iroquois and AlgonquinFoughtFought a lot a lotTools and weapons made of Tools and weapons made of coppercopper and slate and slateInvented a Invented a canoecanoe made out of birch bark made out of birch barkAround 1450 five tribes formed the Around 1450 five tribes formed the Iroquois Iroquois

LeagueLeaguePurpose: form an alliance against the Purpose: form an alliance against the

Algonquin and settle Algonquin and settle disputesdisputes amongst amongst themselvesthemselves

Page 11: CHAPTER 1: The Nation’s Beginnings EXPLORATION & THE COLONIAL ERA to 1763

Southeast NativesSoutheast Natives► A mix of hunting, gathering, and farmingA mix of hunting, gathering, and farming► Developed codes of Developed codes of lawlaw and judicial systems and judicial systems► Readily adopted European customs of running Readily adopted European customs of running

plantationsplantations, slaveholding, and raising cattle, slaveholding, and raising cattle► Intermarried with EuropeansIntermarried with Europeans► Referred to as the Referred to as the Five Five CivilizedCivilized Tribes Tribes by the by the

Europeans (Cherokees, Choctaws, Chickasaws, Europeans (Cherokees, Choctaws, Chickasaws, Creeks, & the Seminoles)Creeks, & the Seminoles)

► https://www.youtube.com/watch?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6E9WU9TGrec&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtMwmepBjTSG5v=6E9WU9TGrec&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtMwmepBjTSG593eG7ObzO7s&index=193eG7ObzO7s&index=1

Page 12: CHAPTER 1: The Nation’s Beginnings EXPLORATION & THE COLONIAL ERA to 1763

HEY COLUMBUS, GO HEY COLUMBUS, GO HOME!HOME!

Europeans Come to AmericaEuropeans Come to America

Page 13: CHAPTER 1: The Nation’s Beginnings EXPLORATION & THE COLONIAL ERA to 1763

What do you remember?What do you remember?

►What were the Americas like pre-What were the Americas like pre-Columbus?Columbus?

►Describe 3 aspects of Native American Describe 3 aspects of Native American culture.culture.

►What were some push factors for What were some push factors for exploration?exploration?

Page 14: CHAPTER 1: The Nation’s Beginnings EXPLORATION & THE COLONIAL ERA to 1763

EUROPEAN SOCIETIES OF THE EUROPEAN SOCIETIES OF THE 1400S1400S

► European villages European villages had a long tradition had a long tradition of of social hierarchy social hierarchy – – complete with nobles, complete with nobles, merchants & merchants & peasantspeasants

► Christianity Christianity played a played a critical role – religious critical role – religious leaders had powerleaders had power

► The Reformation The Reformation in in the early 1500s led to the early 1500s led to a split in the churcha split in the church

Martin Luther

Page 15: CHAPTER 1: The Nation’s Beginnings EXPLORATION & THE COLONIAL ERA to 1763

EUROPEAN EXPLORATION EUROPEAN EXPLORATION

► The countries of The countries of Portugal, Spain, Portugal, Spain, France and England France and England explored in the late explored in the late 1400s for 1400s for God, Gold, God, Gold, and Gloryand Glory

► Improved Improved mapmaking, better mapmaking, better sailboats, compasses, sailboats, compasses, astrolabes – all led to astrolabes – all led to better exploration better exploration

Page 16: CHAPTER 1: The Nation’s Beginnings EXPLORATION & THE COLONIAL ERA to 1763

SPANISH NORTH AMERICA – SPANISH NORTH AMERICA – SECTION 2SECTION 2

► Columbus crosses the Columbus crosses the AtlanticAtlantic in October of in October of 1492 (“the greatest 1492 (“the greatest accident in history”)accident in history”)

► Europeans used Europeans used advanced weapons to advanced weapons to force locals into labor: force locals into labor: Plantation System Plantation System

► Disease devastated Disease devastated Native population-what Native population-what was the “exchange” was the “exchange” called?called?

Page 17: CHAPTER 1: The Nation’s Beginnings EXPLORATION & THE COLONIAL ERA to 1763

IMPACT OF COLUMBUSIMPACT OF COLUMBUS

On Africans-On Africans- Before Before slave trade ended in the slave trade ended in the 1800s, 10 million 1800s, 10 million Africans takenAfricans taken Why Africans? Why Africans?

On Europeans-On Europeans- Biggest Biggest voluntary migration in voluntary migration in world historyworld history

On Trade-On Trade- Columbian Columbian ExchangeExchange meant new meant new goods & products flowed goods & products flowed between continentsbetween continents

Page 18: CHAPTER 1: The Nation’s Beginnings EXPLORATION & THE COLONIAL ERA to 1763

The Columbian Biological Exchange

Old World to New World:

New World to Old World:

Diseases: Smallpox MeaslesChicken PoxMalariaYellow FeverInfluenzaThe Common Cold

Syphilis

Page 19: CHAPTER 1: The Nation’s Beginnings EXPLORATION & THE COLONIAL ERA to 1763

The Columbian Biological Exchange

Old World to New World:

New World to Old World:

Animals: Horses CattlePigsSheepGoatsChickens

TurkeysLlamasAlpacasGuinea Pigs

Page 20: CHAPTER 1: The Nation’s Beginnings EXPLORATION & THE COLONIAL ERA to 1763

The Columbian Biological Exchange

Old World to New World:

New World to Old World:

Plants: Rice WheatBarleyOatsCoffeeSugarcaneBananasMelonsOlivesDandelionsDaisiesCloverRagweedKentucky Bluegrass

Corn (Maize)Potatoes (White & Sweet Varieties)Beans (Snap, Kidney, & Lima Varieties)TobaccoPeanutsSquashPeppersTomatoesPumpkinsPineapplesCacao (Source of Chocolate)Chicle (Source of Chewing Gum)PapayasManioc (Tapioca)GuavasAvocados

Page 21: CHAPTER 1: The Nation’s Beginnings EXPLORATION & THE COLONIAL ERA to 1763

SPAIN CLAIMS A NEW EMPIRESPAIN CLAIMS A NEW EMPIRE► Spanish explorers Spanish explorers

(Conquistadors) (Conquistadors) seized seized much of the Americasmuch of the Americas

► Cortes Cortes conquered the conquered the Aztecs in MexicoAztecs in Mexico

► PizzaroPizzaro conquered the conquered the Incas in Peru Incas in Peru

► Exploitation of local Exploitation of local populations was populations was significant – significant – Encomienda Encomienda SystemSystem a grant by the crown to

a conquistador, soldier, official, or others of a specified number of Indians living in a particular area

Page 22: CHAPTER 1: The Nation’s Beginnings EXPLORATION & THE COLONIAL ERA to 1763
Page 23: CHAPTER 1: The Nation’s Beginnings EXPLORATION & THE COLONIAL ERA to 1763

Geography LessonGeography Lesson

►Using the 4 maps of Using the 4 maps of topography/geography, decide where topography/geography, decide where you, as an explorer, would aim to you, as an explorer, would aim to explore. Explain WHY you chose that explore. Explain WHY you chose that area or region.area or region.

►How does geography impact How does geography impact settlement patterns?settlement patterns?

Page 24: CHAPTER 1: The Nation’s Beginnings EXPLORATION & THE COLONIAL ERA to 1763

Impact of GeographyImpact of Geography

►How can economic development How can economic development impact freedom and opportunity?impact freedom and opportunity?

►The geography of a region and the The geography of a region and the purpose for immigration influences the purpose for immigration influences the economic development of a region.economic development of a region.

Page 25: CHAPTER 1: The Nation’s Beginnings EXPLORATION & THE COLONIAL ERA to 1763

Roanoke: The Lost ColonyRoanoke: The Lost Colony

►http://http://www.youtube.com/www.youtube.com/watch?v=o99Y4Brq-watch?v=o99Y4Brq-GY&feature=relatedGY&feature=related

► Investigation: What Investigation: What caused the colonists caused the colonists to disappear? to disappear?

► First arrived 1585First arrived 1585► Second group in 1587Second group in 1587► Leader: John WhiteLeader: John White► 1587 first European 1587 first European

born in N. America-born in N. America-Virginia DareVirginia Dare

► J.W. left for supplies, J.W. left for supplies, returned in 1590 to returned in 1590 to nothing but nothing but ““CROATOANCROATOAN” carved ” carved on a poston a post

Page 26: CHAPTER 1: The Nation’s Beginnings EXPLORATION & THE COLONIAL ERA to 1763

Pocahontas: “Virginia Pocahontas: “Virginia Company”Company”

In sixteen hundred sevenWe sail the open seaFor glory, God and goldAnd the Virginia Company

For the New World is like heavenAnd we'll all be rich and freeOr so we have been toldBy the Virginia Company

For glory, God and goldAnd the Virginia Company

On the beaches of VirginnyThere's diamonds like debrisThere's silver rivers flowAnd gold you pick right off a tree

With a nugget for my WinnieAnd another one for meAnd all the rest'll goTo the Virginia CompanyIt's glory, God and goldAnd the Virginia Company

We'll kill ourselves an InjunOr maybe two or threeWe're stalwart men and boldOf the Virginia Company

It's glory, God and gold and the Virginia Company

Page 27: CHAPTER 1: The Nation’s Beginnings EXPLORATION & THE COLONIAL ERA to 1763

EARLY BRITISH COLONIES EARLY BRITISH COLONIES

► Beginning in the early Beginning in the early 1600s, the English 1600s, the English established colonies established colonies along the eastern coast along the eastern coast of North Americaof North America

► 1607: Jamestown1607: Jamestown was was first first lastinglasting settlement settlement

► John Smith led this group John Smith led this group of settlersof settlers

► Colony struggled at first, Colony struggled at first, then was saved by then was saved by Tobacco crop (Rolfe)Tobacco crop (Rolfe)

► http://www.history.com/topics/jamestown/http://www.history.com/topics/jamestown/videos/jamestown-founded-in-1607?videos/jamestown-founded-in-1607?cmpid=mrss_int_taboola_video_hiscmpid=mrss_int_taboola_video_his

Page 28: CHAPTER 1: The Nation’s Beginnings EXPLORATION & THE COLONIAL ERA to 1763

Fix Jamestown!Fix Jamestown!► You have arrived in Jamestown as the new You have arrived in Jamestown as the new

leader. You are the colonists’ last hope leader. You are the colonists’ last hope and must address the problems that have and must address the problems that have ravaged the colony. ravaged the colony.

►Using your knowledge of the colony, Using your knowledge of the colony, discuss how you would discuss how you would change/fix the change/fix the its issuesits issues: offer : offer possiblepossible solutions to solutions to problems like disease, salt poisoning, problems like disease, salt poisoning, Indian attacks, starvation, farming Indian attacks, starvation, farming complications, etc. Write as a public complications, etc. Write as a public edict for the colonists.edict for the colonists.

Page 29: CHAPTER 1: The Nation’s Beginnings EXPLORATION & THE COLONIAL ERA to 1763

Pilgrims and PlymouthPilgrims and Plymouth

► Believed that the Believed that the English Protestant English Protestant church was corrupt-church was corrupt-wanted to wanted to “separate”“separate”

► SeparatistsSeparatists leave leave homeland on a homeland on a pilgrimagepilgrimage to the to the new world-hence new world-hence the name the name PilgrimsPilgrims

Page 30: CHAPTER 1: The Nation’s Beginnings EXPLORATION & THE COLONIAL ERA to 1763

Pilgrims Cont’dPilgrims Cont’d► 44 passengers 44 passengers

board the Mayflower board the Mayflower (rest aimed to make (rest aimed to make profit) to profit) to PlymouthPlymouth

► William William Bradford=governorBradford=governor

► Wampanoag tribe Wampanoag tribe helps them survive; helps them survive; “Thanksgiving”“Thanksgiving”

► Absorbed into Absorbed into PuritansPuritans

Page 31: CHAPTER 1: The Nation’s Beginnings EXPLORATION & THE COLONIAL ERA to 1763

Puritans: Mass. Bay ColonyPuritans: Mass. Bay Colony

► Like Pilgrims, they Like Pilgrims, they wished to reform the wished to reform the English Prot. ChurchEnglish Prot. Church

► Sought to Sought to purify-purify-hencehence the name the name PuritansPuritans

► Imagined themselves Imagined themselves as the next Exodusas the next Exodus

► John Winthrop=leaderJohn Winthrop=leader► Salvation was for the Salvation was for the

Elect; constant state Elect; constant state of spiritual anxietyof spiritual anxiety

Page 32: CHAPTER 1: The Nation’s Beginnings EXPLORATION & THE COLONIAL ERA to 1763

Puritans Cont’dPuritans Cont’d

►Faith, not work was Faith, not work was key to salvationkey to salvation

►““City on a Hill”City on a Hill”►Community Community

demanded demanded conformityconformity

►Roger Williams Roger Williams and and Anne HutchinsonAnne Hutchinson