Chapter 10Chapter 10

Launching the New Ship of Launching the New Ship of StateState

1789-18001789-1800

President WashingtonPresident Washington

• Unanimously elected 1789Unanimously elected 1789

• Strong characterStrong character

• Created framework and expectationsCreated framework and expectations

Bill of RightsBill of Rights

• Ratified Constitution with promise of a Ratified Constitution with promise of a bill of rightsbill of rights

• Amendment processAmendment process

• James Madison feared another James Madison feared another conventionconvention

• 11stst Congress Congress Judiciary Act 1789 Judiciary Act 1789

• John Jay= Supreme Court Chief JusticeJohn Jay= Supreme Court Chief Justice

Hamilton at TreasuryHamilton at Treasury

• Goal= powerful nation, needed Goal= powerful nation, needed public confidencepublic confidence– Favorable policies for wealthyFavorable policies for wealthy– Congress to assume debtCongress to assume debt– Virginia deal with capital cityVirginia deal with capital city

Collecting $Collecting $

• $75 million debt= “national blessing”$75 million debt= “national blessing”

• Pay off debt with customs duties Pay off debt with customs duties (tariffs)(tariffs)

• Created international trade and Created international trade and protection for American protection for American manufacturingmanufacturing

• Excise tax passed 1791 (whiskey)Excise tax passed 1791 (whiskey)

Hamilton’s Financial Structure Supported by Revenues

The Bank of the USThe Bank of the US

• Hamilton= create Bank of the USHamilton= create Bank of the US– Private bank, America= stockholderPrivate bank, America= stockholder

• Jefferson opposed BankJefferson opposed Bank reserved for reserved for states!states!– Literal or strict constructionLiteral or strict construction

• Hamilton= “necessary and proper” Hamilton= “necessary and proper” clauseclause– Loose or broad construction, elastic clauseLoose or broad construction, elastic clause

• North vs. South over BankNorth vs. South over Bank

Whiskey RebellionWhiskey Rebellion

• Whiskey Rebellion 1794 in southwestern Whiskey Rebellion 1794 in southwestern PennsylvaniaPennsylvania

• Primary “crop”Primary “crop” liberty polls and liberty polls and tarred/feathers collectorstarred/feathers collectors

• Washington raised armyWashington raised army actually actually came!came!

• Whiskey Boys disbanded before arrivedWhiskey Boys disbanded before arrived

• Strong federal governmentStrong federal government

The Whiskey BoysThe cartoonist clearly favored the Pennsylvania rebels who resisted Hamilton’s imposition of an excise tax on whiskey.

Neutrality ProclamationNeutrality Proclamation

• Franco-American Alliance= foreverFranco-American Alliance= forever• Democratic-Republicans= join France Democratic-Republicans= join France

(revolutionary fervor)(revolutionary fervor)• Washington= avoid war, we are too Washington= avoid war, we are too

unsteadyunsteady• Neutrality Proclamation 1793 (self Neutrality Proclamation 1793 (self

interest)interest)• Continued trading with French West Continued trading with French West

IndiesIndies

Jay’s TreatyJay’s Treaty

• Jay sent to London to deal with Jay sent to London to deal with impressment of sailors issueimpressment of sailors issue

• Jay’s TreatyJay’s Treaty– Brits leave NW, pay damages for seized Brits leave NW, pay damages for seized

US ships, Americans repay debtsUS ships, Americans repay debts

• Southerns vs. NorthernersSoutherns vs. Northerners• Pinckney’s TreatyPinckney’s Treaty• Washington’s Farewell AddressWashington’s Farewell Address

John AdamsJohn Adams

• Federalists vs. Democratic Federalists vs. Democratic Republicans 1796 electionRepublicans 1796 election

• Adams with 71, Jefferson with 68= Adams with 71, Jefferson with 68= VPVP

• Left with Washington’s cabinetLeft with Washington’s cabinet

XYZ AffairXYZ Affair

• French seized US ships (angry at French seized US ships (angry at Jay’s Treaty)Jay’s Treaty)

• XYZ Affair-TalleyrandXYZ Affair-Talleyrand

• ““millions for defense, not one cent millions for defense, not one cent for tribute”for tribute”

• Undeclared war with France 1798-Undeclared war with France 1798-18001800

Alien and Sedition ActsAlien and Sedition Acts

• Anti French feelings (Dem Rep)Anti French feelings (Dem Rep)

• Alien Laws- increased residencyAlien Laws- increased residency

• Sedition Act- violated speech and Sedition Act- violated speech and presspress– Federalist Supreme Court upheldFederalist Supreme Court upheld

The Virginia and Kentucky The Virginia and Kentucky ResolutionsResolutions

• Jeffersonians fearful of Federalist Jeffersonians fearful of Federalist abusesabuses

• Jefferson and Madison wrote resolutionsJefferson and Madison wrote resolutions– Compact theoryCompact theory– States can nullifyStates can nullify– Federalists say Supreme Court has right to Federalists say Supreme Court has right to

nullifynullify– Used for Southern secessionUsed for Southern secession

Federalists vs. Democratic Federalists vs. Democratic RepublicansRepublicans

• Federalists led by HamiltonFederalists led by Hamilton– ““those who own the country ought to those who own the country ought to

govern it”govern it”– Protect wealth and propertyProtect wealth and property– Merchants, manufacturers and shippersMerchants, manufacturers and shippers– Pro BritishPro British

Federalists vs. Democratic Federalists vs. Democratic RepublicansRepublicans

• Democratic Republicans led by Thomas Democratic Republicans led by Thomas JeffersonJefferson– Middle class, farmers, laborers, artisans Middle class, farmers, laborers, artisans

and small shopkeepersand small shopkeepers– ““the best government is the one which the best government is the one which

governs least”governs least”– States rights, strict interpretation States rights, strict interpretation – Educated yeomen farmers- needed slaveryEducated yeomen farmers- needed slavery– Newspapers stop tyranny Newspapers stop tyranny