Chapter 10 Lecture

ReducingYour Risk ofCardiovascularDisease

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What Is Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)?

• Broadly encompasses a range of diseases of the heart and blood vessels

• Induces other potentially devastating diseases, like heart attack or stroke

• 9–15% of men and women under 40 have some form of CVD; after about age 40, the rate climbs to 40%

• Among all age groups in America, about 1 in 3 people have CVD in some form

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Why Should I Worry about CVD?

• CVD is America's biggest killer—more than any other single cause of death, for both women and men.

• CVD reduces quality of life, causing chest pain, shortness of breath, internal organ damage, and in the form of hypertension, cognitive decline.

• CVD can begin in adolescence or childhood from waxy buildup in vessels caused by poor diet, lack of exercise, high body mass index, or early smoking.

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Five Leading Causes of Death in the U.S.

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CVD Death Rates by State

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How Does Cardiovascular Disease Affect the Body?• CVD damages the heart and blood vessels,

affecting blood oxidation and carbon dioxide waste removal.

• CVD takes many forms:– Hypertension (sustained high blood pressure)– Atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries)– Coronary heart disease (heart attacks)– Angina pectoris (chest pain and circulatory issues)– Arrhythmias (irregular heartbeat)– Congestive heart failure (heart muscle damage)– Congenital heart disease– Stroke

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Plaque Build-up in the Arteries

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Prevalence of the Different Types of CVD

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Blood Pressure

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What Are the CVD Risk Factors You Can Control?• Tobacco use• Hypertension (high blood pressure)• High levels of fat in your blood• Being overweight, and obesity• Physical inactivity• Diabetes• Metabolic syndrome (obesity-related risks)• Stress• Poor nutrition• Excessive alcohol use

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Lipids

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Metabolic Syndrome and Risk Factors

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CVD Risk Factors You Cannot Control

• Heredity– CVD in several generations increases risk greatly.

• Age– 75% of heart attacks occur in people over age 65.

• Gender– Men are at greater risk until age 60; women are at

greater risk after menopause.

• Race– African Americans are at higher risk.

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CVD and Ethnicity

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How Can I Avoid CVD?

• Lower your controllable risks:– Don't use tobacco– Eat well– Exercise regularly– Manage your stress– Control diabetes– Avoid alcohol and drug abuse

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