Chapter 10: Perspectives on Adolescent Development

Chapter 11: Physical Development

What are some of the major challenges of adolescence?

What are the major physical changes that accompany this stage?

What were some of your memorable experiences during this stage (good or bad)?

Adolescence ◦ Transitional stage between childhood and

adulthood.◦ This period has been prolonged in modern

society. ________________________

◦ Period at which person reaches sexual maturity.◦ Pubescence is used to denote the whole period

during which changes relative to sexual maturation are taking place.

◦ Includes biological, psychological, and social changes.

Many cultures have unique ceremonies to celebrate transitions to adulthood. ◦ Quinceaneras, Bar-mitzvah, Sweet 16, Vine

jumping, Piercing ceremonies, Clitoris removal.

◦ Apache Video◦ African Female Circumcision Video

According to Erikson the chief psychosocial task of adolescence is ____________________________________________◦ Tasks include:

Sexual Social Physical Moral Vocational Psychological

Development of Identity◦ Experimentation of various roles

without assuming any one role.◦ Length of adolescence and

degree of conflict experienced by adolescents will vary by culture and society.

◦ Failure to establish identity during this time creates self doubt and role confusion.

◦ Links to alcoholism, delinquency, social withdrawal, and anxiety.

Moratorium◦ Exploration period

Foreclosure ◦ Refers to the individual who has undergone no

or very little exploration. ◦ Person remains firmly committed to childhood

based values. ____________________________

◦ No commitment to any definite direction in their lives.

◦ Least developmentally advanced of the statuses.

Achievement ◦ _________________________________________________

__________________________________________

1) Accepting ones physique and using the body effectively.

2) Achieving emotional independence from _______________________________.

3) Achieving a masculine or feminine social sex role.

4) Achieving new and more mature relations with peers of both sexes.

5) Desiring and achieving socially responsible behavior.

6) Acquiring a set of values and an ethical system as a guide to behavior.

7) Preparing for an ______________________.8) Preparing for marriage and family life.

The adjustment of minority groups to the culture of the dominant group.

Class discussion◦ How many students were raised in a home with

different cultural expectations? ◦ How did the values of the cultures differ?◦ How did you navigate these differences?◦ How did these differences affect your

relationships with your parents and peers?◦ How will you deal with this issue when you have

children?

The Endocrine Gland◦ A gland that secretes

hormones into the blood stream.

◦ Three glands to know Pituitary Adrenal Gonads

Known as the master gland

Produces hormones that regulate growth◦ Gonadotropic hormones

(GnRH) Influence gonad

functioning. _________________________

____________________ Luteinizing hormone(LH)

◦ ________________________________________ Affects overall growth

and shaping of the skeleton.

Ovaries◦ Secrete estrogens

Stimulate development of: Sexual organs Female secondary sexual

characteristics such as growth of pubic hair, breasts, and distribution of fat.

◦ Progesterone Produced when egg is

released Prepares uterus for

pregnancy and for maintaining pregnancy.

Commonly found in birth control pills.

Testes◦ Under the stimulation of

LH from the pituitary, the testes in the male begin the production of testosterone. Responsible for

development of male sex organs. Penis Scrotum Prostate gland

Also responsible for secondary male sexual characteristics. Muscularity Voice change Face and body hair

Menarche- onset of menstruation Average age 12-13 years

◦ Ranges have been noted from 9-18 years◦ Average age in 1905 __________________________

Usually does not occur until maximum growth rates in height and weight have been achieved.

Varies in length from 20-40 days with 28 as an average cycle.

Time of ovulation about 14 days before the onset of the next menstrual period.

A growth spurt in height begins in early adolescence, accompanied by an increase in weight and body proportion.◦ Girls start to physically mature earlier and stop

growing earlier.◦ ___________________________________________.

_______________________◦ Life threatening emotional

disorder characterize by an obsession of being slender. Excessive loss of body

weight(15% below optimal level)

Excessive weight loss measures(excessive exercise, caloric restriction, use of laxatives/diuretics, purging)

Life Threatening VIDEO on Anorexia

____________________◦ Characterize by

compulsive and rapid consumption of large quantities of high calorie food followed by efforts to eliminate the food. Binge purge cycle Normal body appearance Can cause digestive

damage.