Chapter 10Chapter 10

Political Activity of the late 1800s:Political Activity of the late 1800s:– Politicians did not address the problems caused by Politicians did not address the problems caused by

the rapid social and economic changes of the times.the rapid social and economic changes of the times.

Government had a reputation for doing very little Government had a reputation for doing very little to ease growing problems.to ease growing problems.

Most Americans viewed politics as a form of Most Americans viewed politics as a form of entertainment.entertainment.

Party loyalty was generally determined Party loyalty was generally determined by:by:

1.1. ClassClass

2.2. Religious beliefsReligious beliefs

3.3. Ethnic backgroundEthnic background

4.4. Civil War loyaltiesCivil War loyalties

Political ideology was not very important.

In the late 1800s, public office holders tended to In the late 1800s, public office holders tended to be concerned with:be concerned with:– 1. Winning elections1. Winning elections– 2. Controlling patronage2. Controlling patronage– 3. Dispensing Jobs3. Dispensing Jobs– 4. Maintaining bases of support4. Maintaining bases of support

Pendleton Civil Service Act of 1883 – fill some Pendleton Civil Service Act of 1883 – fill some Government jobs on the basis of competitive Government jobs on the basis of competitive tests.tests.

US Expansion in the 1800s

What does this map show?During what time period were these land

acquisitions made?How did the US acquire this land?Why?

If the US wanted to further expand in 1900, where might it have sought new territory?This map shows US territorial expansion

from 1800-1853.

Expansion in the late 1800s was different:Expansion in the late 1800s was different:1. Islands, rather than areas adjacent to existing 1. Islands, rather than areas adjacent to existing U.S. territory.U.S. territory.2. Densely populated areas not suitable for massive 2. Densely populated areas not suitable for massive new settlement.new settlement.3. Possessions that few Americans expected to 3. Possessions that few Americans expected to become states.become states.4. An increasing importance on foreign trade4. An increasing importance on foreign trade5. Creation of economic and military colonies 5. Creation of economic and military colonies overseasoverseas6. Cultural superiority6. Cultural superiority

The ablest and most effective apostle of The ablest and most effective apostle of imperialism was Alfred T. Mahan – urged imperialism was Alfred T. Mahan – urged government to build up American naval powergovernment to build up American naval power

U.S. acquires Hawaii:U.S. acquires Hawaii:– 1. Americans developed the sugar industry.1. Americans developed the sugar industry.– 2. U.S. built a naval station there.2. U.S. built a naval station there.– 3. Americans staged a revolution to depose the 3. Americans staged a revolution to depose the

Native Rulers.Native Rulers.– 4. Americans dominate Hawaiian economy.4. Americans dominate Hawaiian economy.

Queen Liliuokalani

U.S. moves toward war with Spain:U.S. moves toward war with Spain:1. U.S. tariff policy hurt Cuban economy making Cubans 1. U.S. tariff policy hurt Cuban economy making Cubans

ready for Revolt.ready for Revolt.

2. American Press sensationalized stories about Revolt.2. American Press sensationalized stories about Revolt.

3. Cubans living in the U.S. popularized their side of the 3. Cubans living in the U.S. popularized their side of the Revolt with the American People.Revolt with the American People.

4. Press coverage stirred a fervor for war.4. Press coverage stirred a fervor for war.

5. Sinking of U.S.S. Maine5. Sinking of U.S.S. Maine

President McKinley asks for a Declaration of President McKinley asks for a Declaration of War against Spain in 1898.War against Spain in 1898.

Problems with U.S. War effort:Problems with U.S. War effort:– 1. Shortage of Modern Rifles and Ammunition.1. Shortage of Modern Rifles and Ammunition.– 2. Heavy Cold-weather uniforms in a hot climate.2. Heavy Cold-weather uniforms in a hot climate.– 3. Inadequate medicine and food.3. Inadequate medicine and food.– 4. Poor Racial Relations in the U.S. Army.4. Poor Racial Relations in the U.S. Army.

William McKinleyWilliam McKinley

American fleet victorious at Manila Bay, led by American fleet victorious at Manila Bay, led by Commodore George Dewey - The Philippine-Commodore George Dewey - The Philippine-American War was actually more costly than American War was actually more costly than the Spanish-American War. Led by Emilio the Spanish-American War. Led by Emilio Aguinaldo, the resistance wanted immediate Aguinaldo, the resistance wanted immediate independenceindependence

Teddy Roosevelt & the Rough Riders- Roosevelt Teddy Roosevelt & the Rough Riders- Roosevelt resigned as assistant secretary of the navy to help resigned as assistant secretary of the navy to help organize the Rough Riders.organize the Rough Riders.

On top of San Juan HillOn top of San Juan Hill

Most of the territory that the U.S. acquired in the Most of the territory that the U.S. acquired in the 1890s was in the Pacific Ocean.1890s was in the Pacific Ocean.

By 1900, The United States had become a major By 1900, The United States had become a major world power.world power.

Theodore RooseveltTheodore Roosevelt– Speak softly and Speak softly and

carry a big stick.carry a big stick.

– Roosevelt Corollary Roosevelt Corollary “preventative “preventative intervention”intervention”

Russo-Japanese Russo-Japanese WarWar– Battle for ports in Battle for ports in

ManchuriaManchuria

– Roosevelt helped Roosevelt helped negotiate the peace negotiate the peace treaty and won the treaty and won the Nobel Peace PrizeNobel Peace Prize

Gentleman’s AgreementGentleman’s Agreement– Japan Japan – Roosevelt forced San Francisco to end segregation of Roosevelt forced San Francisco to end segregation of

Japanese schoolchildren Japanese schoolchildren – Emigration of Japanese laborers to the United States was Emigration of Japanese laborers to the United States was

limitedlimited