chapter 10 preparing and administering medications copyright © 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1995,...

Chapter 10

Preparing and Administering Medications

Copyright © 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1995, 1991 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 1

Learning Objectives

Compare dosage forms for drugs given by the enteral route

Outline procedures for giving medications enterally, parenterally, and percutaneously

List processes to prevent transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other blood-borne pathogens

2Copyright © 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1995, 1991 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Enteral Medications

Medications given directly into the GI tract Oral; Box 10-1 Oral Medication Forms Nasogastric or PEG Rectal


Oral Administration

Asepsis Steps to administer: Procedure 10-1 Getting ready Preparing the medication Administering the medication


Oral Administration (cont.)

Solid form Liquids


Nasogastric Administration

Appropriate patients PEG tube Medication forms:

Liquids Pills: crushed, add water


Procedure for Administering Nasogastric Medications

Aspirate stomach contents Listen for gurgling sounds in the stomach Listen for breath sounds Put medication into the tubing Instill medications via gravity Add water to tube following medication

administration


Rectal Administration

Getting ready Preparing the medication Administering the medication Concluding


Parenteral Medications

“Into the skin” Routes Reasons for parenteral administration


Standard Precautions

Protect health care workers Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Sharps container for disposal of needles


Parenteral Administration

“Into the skin” Routes for administration Parenteral rationale/Advantages Disadvantages Costs


Basic Equipment

Syringes: Figure 10-2 Types of syringes: Figure 10-3 Volume of medication: mL or m


Parts of a Syringe


Needles

Needles: gauge Hub Specialized needles Guide for needle selection: Table 10-1 Needleless system: Figure 10-6


Parts of the needle


Needles: Gauges


Question 1

The Z-track method is used to give medicines:

1. Orally.2. That should be absorbed slowly.3. That are irritating or may stain the skin.4. Rectally.


Question 2

____________ are gelatin containers that hold powder or liquid medicine.

1. Capsules2. Elixirs3. Emulsions4. Suspensions


Learning Objectives

Outline procedures for giving medications enterally, parenterally, and percutaneously

Identify anatomy landmarks used for giving parenteral medications


Procedure for Preparing and Administering Parenteral Medications

Procedure for medication administration: Procedure 10-3

Determine site for administration Use of equipment Package Medication characteristics


Forms of Parenteral Medications

Vials: Figure 10-7 Ampules: Figure 10-8 Mix-O-Vial: Figure 10-9 Single or Multidose vials


Vial


Ampules


Forms of Parenteral Medications (cont.)

Combining drugs in one syringe Mixing insulin Prefilled syringes IV solutions Secondary or “piggyback”


Administering Intradermal Injections

Uses Skin anatomy and needle angle: Figure

10-12 Bleb Equipment and technique


Intradermal Injections


Administering Subcutaneous Medications

2 mL into the loose connective tissue Slow onset, longer duration Placement: Figure 10-14 Sites: Figure 10-15 Technique


Subcutaneous Injections


Administering Intramuscular Medications

Location Absorption Equipment Sites: Box 10-3 Technique


Intramuscular Injections


Question 3

The _____ muscle is a common injection site for adults, because it is _____.

1. deltoid; easily reached2. dorsogluteal; relatively free from nerves and

major blood vessels3. vastus lateralis; less painful4. ventrogluteal; near the abdomen


Administering Intravenous Medications

Onset and absorption Dosing and scheduling considerations Equipment Sites: Figures 10-18 (adult) and 10-19

(children) Venipuncture and intravenous infusion Procedure 10-4


Intravenous sites in adults


Intravenous sites in children


Modifications in Technique for Specific Situations

Adding medication by syringe to an infusion Adding medication to a plastic bag or an IV

bottle Adding medication to a volume control Adding medication by piggyback infusion Administration of medication when there is

only an intermittent infusion device


Intravenous Infusion Rates

Monitoring infusion rates Calculating infusion rates Infusion pumps; syringe infusion pumps Infusion controllers and volumetric pumps Implantable pumps Venous access device Common problems with intravenous infusions


Percutaneous Medications

Absorption: mucous membranes or the skin Absorption and application Inhalation


Percutaneous Administration

Factors affecting transdermal application Skin condition Methods of administration


Procedures for Administering Percutaneous Medications

Applied to the area requiring treatment Common Forms: Box 10-4


Administering Topical Medications

Clean skin before application Gloves Lotions Ointments Excess medication Dressings Patient Education – Home Care


Administering Medications to Mucous Membranes

Absorption Sublingual Buccal Vaginal Ear drops: child and adult Eye Nose Respiratory


chapter 10 preparing and administering medications copyright © 2013, 2010, 2006, 2003, 2000, 1995,...

Documents

imprint of elsevier

medications copyright

medication administration

parenteral administration

parenteral medications

needles needles

rectal administration

volume of medication