Chapter 10Chapter 10Section 2Section 2

The Spanish – American WarThe Spanish – American War

The Press and It's Effect on US Involvement The Press and It's Effect on US Involvement in the Conflict Between Spain & Cubain the Conflict Between Spain & Cuba

The The presspress exaggerated the Cuban conflict exaggerated the Cuban conflict further increasing American further increasing American support for the support for the CubansCubans

In their competition for readers, Joseph In their competition for readers, Joseph Pulitzer of the Pulitzer of the New York WorldNew York World and William and William Randolph Hearst printed sensational, often Randolph Hearst printed sensational, often exaggerated, stories in order to sell exaggerated, stories in order to sell newspapers in what became known as newspapers in what became known as yellow journalismyellow journalism

260 American sailors were killed when an 260 American sailors were killed when an explosion on the US battleship explosion on the US battleship MaineMaine caused the sinking caused the sinking of the ship in Havana Harbor of the ship in Havana Harbor

Cause of the explosion was unclear, Cause of the explosion was unclear, but many Americans blamed but many Americans blamed SpainSpain

Congress approves Congress approves $50 million$50 million that president McKinley requests that president McKinley requests to prepare for war to prepare for war

Spain offers to negotiate but would Spain offers to negotiate but would not consider Cuban not consider Cuban independenceindependence

Congress then passes a resolution Congress then passes a resolution declaring the island independent and declaring the island independent and gave Spain gave Spain threethree days to leave the island days to leave the island

Attached to the resolution was the Attached to the resolution was the Teller AmendmentTeller Amendment which stated that the US which stated that the US had no interest in taking control of Cubahad no interest in taking control of Cuba

The resolution caused Spain to The resolution caused Spain to declare wardeclare war on the US on April 24, 1898 on the US on April 24, 1898

The next day The next day Congress and President Congress and President McKinleyMcKinley declared war on Spain declared war on Spain

War With SpainWar With Spain

The US had a more powerful The US had a more powerful navynavy

Commodore Commodore George DeweyGeorge Dewey led the led the American Asiatic squadron at Hong Kong American Asiatic squadron at Hong Kong in an effort to overtake the in an effort to overtake the PhilippinesPhilippines

Dewey’s ships boldly sailed into Dewey’s ships boldly sailed into Manila BayManila Bay, Philippines and destroyed , Philippines and destroyed Spain’s Pacific fleet Spain’s Pacific fleet (381 Spanish died, 0 Americans) (381 Spanish died, 0 Americans)

When the war began, When the war began, US militaryUS military had about had about 28,000 soldiers… By the end 28,000 soldiers… By the end of the war, the US had 280,000 of the war, the US had 280,000

Of the few thousand members of the US Of the few thousand members of the US forces who died during the war, only a forces who died during the war, only a small percentage died small percentage died in battlein battle… The … The majority died of majority died of yellow feveryellow fever and other and other deadly diseasesdeadly diseases

The most colorful group of soldiers in the The most colorful group of soldiers in the war was the First Volunteer Cavalry, the war was the First Volunteer Cavalry, the Rough RidersRough Riders organized by Theodore organized by Theodore Roosevelt (a future president)Roosevelt (a future president)

The US had a The US had a bigger armybigger army than the Spanishthan the Spanish

Spain asks for peace and signs a Spain asks for peace and signs a cease-firecease-fire on August 12, 1898 on August 12, 1898

The Question of CubaThe Question of Cuba

The peace treaty placed The peace treaty placed Cuba, Puerto Rico, the PhilippinesCuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines under US control under US control

Some Americans opposed the treaty and Some Americans opposed the treaty and formed the formed the Anti-Imperialist LeagueAnti-Imperialist League who accused the US of building who accused the US of building a colonial empire a colonial empire

President McKinley set up a President McKinley set up a military governmentmilitary government in Cuba to in Cuba to create stability in the area create stability in the area (and allow the US greater control) (and allow the US greater control)

McKinley appointed General Leonard McKinley appointed General Leonard Wood governor and he began quickly Wood governor and he began quickly building building schoolsschools and a and a sanitation systemsanitation system

Dr. Walter ReedDr. Walter Reed was sent to Cuba was sent to Cuba as the head of the Army as the head of the Army Yellow Fever Commission Yellow Fever Commission

The The Platt AmendmentPlatt Amendment allowed the US to allowed the US to intervene in Cuban affairs and limited intervene in Cuban affairs and limited Cuba’s rights to make treatiesCuba’s rights to make treaties

New US LandsNew US Lands

Spain surrendered the Spain surrendered the PhilippinesPhilippines to the to the US in exchange for $20 millionUS in exchange for $20 million

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Filipinos had hoped for Filipinos had hoped for independenceindependence

When the US decided to keep the When the US decided to keep the Philippines, angry Filipinos started a Philippines, angry Filipinos started a guerilla warguerilla war against the US that would against the US that would last 3 years in 1902 (Full independence last 3 years in 1902 (Full independence doesn’t come until 1946)doesn’t come until 1946)

Likewise, Likewise, Puerto RicoPuerto Rico had had hoped for independencehoped for independence

Puerto Rico became a Puerto Rico became a commonwealthcommonwealth (a territory of the US) (a territory of the US)

The The Jones ActJones Act gave US citizenship to gave US citizenship to Puerto Ricans and opened both houses Puerto Ricans and opened both houses of Puerto Rico’s legislature to of Puerto Rico’s legislature to free elections in 1917 free elections in 1917

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