Chapter 10 sections 3 Chapter 10 sections 3 and 4 (Mostly 4) and 4 (Mostly 4)

Medieval EuropeMedieval Europe

Architecture of the High Architecture of the High Middle AgesMiddle Ages

There was an explosion of building There was an explosion of building during the late, or high middle during the late, or high middle ages. ages.

What do you think was built the What do you think was built the most? most?

Yup…………ChurchesYup…………Churches Romanesque, and Gothic were Romanesque, and Gothic were

two of these stylestwo of these styles

Romanesque Church Romanesque Church (Basilica)(Basilica)

Gothic StyleGothic Style

UniversitiesUniversities The birthplace of Universities is in The birthplace of Universities is in

EuropeEurope The first one was located in Bologna The first one was located in Bologna

(yes I said Bologna) (yes I said Bologna) Another famous university was in Another famous university was in

Oxford, England. Oxford, England. By 1500 over 80 universities were By 1500 over 80 universities were

found in Europefound in EuropeNot this type of Bologna

Students at UniversityStudents at University

University of BolognaUniversity of Bologna

University of OxfordUniversity of Oxford

What did they study?What did they study?

Good Question. Can you guess what Good Question. Can you guess what the most highly regarded subject the most highly regarded subject matter to earn a degree in was? matter to earn a degree in was?

Theology-Theology- The study of religion and The study of religion and God. God.

Scholasticism- Trying to reconcile faith Scholasticism- Trying to reconcile faith and reason. The goal was to harmonize and reason. The goal was to harmonize Christianity with the teachings of Christianity with the teachings of Aristotle who used reason. Aristotle who used reason.

Section 4: Late Middle Ages Section 4: Late Middle Ages

BIG IDEA:BIG IDEA:

Disastrous forces Disastrous forces overwhelmed Europe in overwhelmed Europe in the fourteenth century the fourteenth century

with lasting with lasting consequences.consequences.

The Black DeathThe Black Death This was the most catastrophic This was the most catastrophic

disasters in European Historydisasters in European History Bubonic plagueBubonic plague was the most was the most

common form of the black deathcommon form of the black death It was spread by rats infested with It was spread by rats infested with

fleas carrying a deadly bacteriumfleas carrying a deadly bacterium It originated in Caffa on the Black It originated in Caffa on the Black

Sea, and spread throughout Sea, and spread throughout EuropeEurope

It SpreadsIt Spreads The disease usually followed trade The disease usually followed trade

routesroutes 1347-1351 practically the entire 1347-1351 practically the entire

continent was affected by the continent was affected by the outbreakoutbreak

Out of 75 million Europeans, nearly Out of 75 million Europeans, nearly half of the population died during that half of the population died during that 5 year period5 year period

Some cities had nearly 60% of its Some cities had nearly 60% of its people die, while some towns and people die, while some towns and villages completely disappeared! villages completely disappeared!

Social and Economic Impact Social and Economic Impact People could not explain the People could not explain the

plague, and thought that God plague, and thought that God sent it to punish themsent it to punish them

This also led to This also led to Anti-Semitism-Anti-Semitism- hostility towards Jewshostility towards Jews

Jews were blamed for the plague, Jews were blamed for the plague, and were attacked. and were attacked.

Most attacks were in Germany, Most attacks were in Germany, and many Jews fled to Poland and many Jews fled to Poland where the King protected them. where the King protected them.

Other Other effectseffects Trade declinedTrade declined

Labor shortagesLabor shortages Cost of labor increasedCost of labor increased Falling cost of food, as demand Falling cost of food, as demand

decreaseddecreased Landlords had to pay more for labor, Landlords had to pay more for labor,

and workers could now bargain to and workers could now bargain to rent instead of owing servicesrent instead of owing services

This led to freedom from SerfdomThis led to freedom from Serfdom

Decline of Church PowerDecline of Church Power

During the 1200’s and 1300’s, During the 1200’s and 1300’s, battles between Kings and Popes battles between Kings and Popes led to much political strife in the led to much political strife in the Church.Church.

Corruption was high, and different Corruption was high, and different popes around Europe called other popes around Europe called other Popes AntichristsPopes Antichrists

People began to lose faith in the People began to lose faith in the papacy and the Church in general. papacy and the Church in general.

Decline of PowerDecline of Power

By the early 1400’s the church By the early 1400’s the church had lost much power.had lost much power.

Christianity was still very Christianity was still very important to medieval life, but did important to medieval life, but did not have the same authority not have the same authority spiritually or politically as it used spiritually or politically as it used to haveto have

The Hundred Years WarThe Hundred Years War

1337-1453 England vs. France1337-1453 England vs. France King Edward III vs. King Philip VI of FranceKing Edward III vs. King Philip VI of France They were disputing possession of the They were disputing possession of the

duchy of Gascony. (A region in SW France)duchy of Gascony. (A region in SW France) The English began using foot soldiers as The English began using foot soldiers as

well as knights to win many early battles.well as knights to win many early battles. These “foot soldiers” also used the These “foot soldiers” also used the

Longbow for the first time in battle in Longbow for the first time in battle in stead of the crossbow. stead of the crossbow.

The Longbow The Longbow allowed the allowed the English to English to decimate the decimate the French who French who relied on the relied on the crossbow. crossbow. The longbow The longbow could fire could fire many arrows many arrows per minute per minute while the while the crossbow crossbow could only could only fire a few fire a few shots per shots per minute.minute.

Crecy and AgincourtCrecy and Agincourt

These were two of the major These were two of the major battles that the English won.battles that the English won.

Crecy was in 1346 which the Crecy was in 1346 which the English won. English won.

They were unable to conquer all of They were unable to conquer all of France, but they kept tryingFrance, but they kept trying

Battle of Agincourt in 1415 gave Battle of Agincourt in 1415 gave the English still more territory in the English still more territory in France France

Joan of Arc Joan of Arc She was a very religious daughter of a She was a very religious daughter of a

prosperous peasant familyprosperous peasant family She apparently had “visions” that She apparently had “visions” that

guided her.guided her. Helped lead an army against the English Helped lead an army against the English

at the battle of Orleans to victoryat the battle of Orleans to victory She was unfortunately captured by the She was unfortunately captured by the

English and brought up on charges of English and brought up on charges of witchcraftwitchcraft

She was condemned to death. She was condemned to death.

Wars EndWars End Joan helped swing the tide of the war in Joan helped swing the tide of the war in

the favor of the Frenchthe favor of the French English defeats in Normandy and English defeats in Normandy and

Aquitaine led to victory for the French in Aquitaine led to victory for the French in 1453 that ended the war. 1453 that ended the war.

Another reason for the French victory was Another reason for the French victory was their use of the new weapon called a their use of the new weapon called a “cannon”“cannon”

The invention, or discovery of gunpowder The invention, or discovery of gunpowder made this weapon possible. made this weapon possible.

Political RecoveryPolitical Recovery Due to the black death, and the Due to the black death, and the

hundred years war, Europe was in hundred years war, Europe was in disarray during the 1200’s and 1300’sdisarray during the 1200’s and 1300’s

New Monarchy’s were able to New Monarchy’s were able to reestablish powerful central reestablish powerful central governments in the 1400’s. These came governments in the 1400’s. These came to be known the to be known the New Monarchies. New Monarchies.

The countries of France, England, and The countries of France, England, and Spain were most effected by these Spain were most effected by these changes.changes.

France France

The Hundred years war left France The Hundred years war left France exhausted, but it created a strong exhausted, but it created a strong sense of Nationalismsense of Nationalism

King Louis XI also helped the power King Louis XI also helped the power of the central government of the central government (monarchy) return.(monarchy) return.

He gained control of more regions in He gained control of more regions in France, and promoted commerce and France, and promoted commerce and tradetrade

England England The Hundred years war put a huge toll on The Hundred years war put a huge toll on

England’s population and their economyEngland’s population and their economy The The War of the RosesWar of the Roses also erupted also erupted

within England, between many nobles within England, between many nobles vying for power. vying for power.

Henry VIIHenry VII finally established power in finally established power in 1485. 1485.

He ended the war with the nobles, and He ended the war with the nobles, and won their favor by keeping taxes won their favor by keeping taxes reasonable, and not spending too much reasonable, and not spending too much money himself. money himself.

Spain Spain Much of Spain had been under Much of Spain had been under

Muslim control since 725. Muslim control since 725. Many Christian Kingdoms within Many Christian Kingdoms within

Spain fought back and established Spain fought back and established powerful kingdoms despite Muslim powerful kingdoms despite Muslim powerpower

Aragon and Castile were 2 very Aragon and Castile were 2 very powerful Kingdomspowerful Kingdoms

Isabella of Castile married Ferdinand Isabella of Castile married Ferdinand of Aragon, and helped unify Spainof Aragon, and helped unify Spain

They eventually expelled all Muslims, They eventually expelled all Muslims, and Jews, and made everyone in and Jews, and made everyone in Spain conform to Catholicism. Spain conform to Catholicism. To be Spanish, was to be Catholic. To be Spanish, was to be Catholic.