chapter 10 test review
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CHAPTER 10 TEST REVIEW. DNA, Protein Synthesis and Viruses. Identify the DNA parts:. A. B. C. D. Identify the DNA parts:. A PHOSPHATE. B Deoxyribose Sugar. C Nitrogenous Base. D Hydrogen Bond. What three parts of DNA make up one nucleotide?. ANSWER: sugar Phosphate - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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CHAPTER 10 TEST REVIEW
DNA, Protein Synthesis and Viruses
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Identify the DNA parts:
A
B
C
D
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Identify the DNA parts:
A PHOSPHATE
B Deoxyribose Sugar
C Nitrogenous Base
D Hydrogen Bond
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What three parts of DNA make up one nucleotide?
• ANSWER:– sugar – Phosphate – Nitrogenous base (remember the song)
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Name 3 ways RNA is different from DNA:
• 1. Uracil instead of Thymine.
• 2. Single stranded instead of Double.
• 3. Ribose sugar instead of Deoxyribose.
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What is the complementary side of this DNA strand? (DNA – DNA)
• G - A - T - T - G - A - C - C - T - C - G – G
• ANSWER:
• C - T - A - A - C - T - G - G - A - G - C- C
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What is the complementary mRNA strand? (DNA – mRNA)
• G - A - T - T - G - A - C - C - T - C - G – G
• ANSWER:
• C - U - A - A - C - U - G - G - A - G - C- C
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What are the 3 types of RNA?
• a) t-RNA (transfer RNA)
• b) m-RNA (messenger RNA), and
• c) r-RNA (ribosomal RNA)
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Which bases are pyrimidines?
• HINT: cut the pie
• C – U - T
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Which bases are purines?
• HINT: not cut
• G and A
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Which bases are 2-rings?
• HINT: be pure for marriage and get 2 rings
• ANSWER: purines
• A and G
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Which bases are one ring?
• HINT: pie is one circle
• C – U - T
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Which scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: found DNA was genetic material
• HINT 2: separated bacteria into: carbos, DNA, protein, RNA by a centrifuge
• HINT 3: bald
• ANSWER: Avery
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Which Scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: Found DNA to be the genetic material
• HINT 2: used bacteriophages
• HINT 3:used “hot” sulfur and phosphorus
• ANSWER: Hershey and Chase
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Which Scientist(s)
• HINT 1: worked with Neurospora crassa
• HINT 2: worked as a team
• HINT 3: one-gene-one-enzyme
• ANSWER: Beadle and Tatum
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Which Scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: worked on finding DNA structure
• HINT 2: used x-ray crystallography Photo 51
• HINT 3: a woman
• ANSWER: Rosalind Franklin
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Which Scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: worked on finding DNA structure
• HINT 2: first put bases on outside instead of inside
• HINT 3: won Nobel prize for finding DNA structure
• ANSWER: Watson and Crick
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Which Scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: worked on finding DNA structure
• HINT 2: stole the Photo 51
• HINT 3: also got Nobel Prize
• ANSWER: Maurice (the beast) Wilkins
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Which Scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: 1920’s
• HINT 2: worked with Pneumococcus bacteria R and S strains
• HINT 3: Found hereditary transformation
• ANSWER: Frederick Griffith
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Which Scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: worked with animal sperm
• HINT 2: a hottie
• HINT 3: found A-T and C-G amounts even
• ANSWER: Chargaff
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What if a DNA sample had 20% adenine, how much guanine should
there be?
• ANSWER: if 20% A and 20% T
• then 30% C and 30% G
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Label the Parts of the Bacteriophage:
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Label the Parts of the Bacteriophage:
1 = DNA
2 = protein coat
3 = tail fiber
4 = tail4
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Which enzyme?
• Unwinds DNA
• ANSWER: Topoisomerase
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Which enzyme?
• Separates the 2 DNA strands (breaks H bonds for replication)
• ANSWER: Helicase
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Which enzyme?
• Adds nucleotides to DNA for elongation and also for proofreading
• ANSWER: DNA polymerase
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Which enzyme?
• Binds Okazaki fragments in the lagging strand
• ANSWER: Ligase
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Which enzyme?
• Adds RNA nucleotide primers
• ANSWER: Primase
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Which enzyme?
• Makes RNA’s
• ANSWER: RNA polymerase
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What are the parts of the DNA replication fork?
Leading strand, lagging strand, and DNA polymerase
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What are the parts of the DNA replication fork?
Leading strand
DNA polymerase
Okazaki fragments on lagging strand
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What will the mRNA look like?
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What will the mRNA look like?
1 2 3
HINT: exons discarded
Introns kept and coded
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What amino acid is mRNA codon:AAA
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What amino acid is mRNA codon:AAA
lysine
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What amino acid is mRNA codon:UGG
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What amino acid is mRNA codon:UGG
tryptophan
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What codon is the START CODON?
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What codon is the START CODON?
AUG
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What are
• the three STOP CODONS?
• ANSWER? UAA, UAG, UGA
• (you could also figure this out by looking at the chart)
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ESSAYDNA: TACTCCGATACC
• mRNA sequence?
• tRNA sequence?
• Amino acid sequence?
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ESSAYDNA: TACTCCGATACC
• mRNA sequence?
• tRNA sequence?
• Amino acid sequence?
AUGAGGCUAUAG
UACUCCGAUAUC
Met Arg Leu STOP
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What is the mRNA that will code to this anticodon?
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What is the mRNA that will code to this anticodon?
AUG
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What does a tRNA carry?
• A. codon
• B. triplet
• C. amino acid
• D. ribosome
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ANSWER: tRNA (transfer)
• There is at least one tRNAfor each amino acid.
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mRNA, ribosomes, and polypeptide chainsCOOL!
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How many?
• Nucleotides in a typical gene?
• ANSWER: hundreds or thousands
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How Fast?
• Does DNA replication usually take?
• ANSWER: About 50 nucleotides added per second
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Which process?
• Codes DNA to mRNA?
• ANSWER? Transcription
• Codes mRNA to tRNA and protein?
• ANSWER: Translation
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How many subunits make up a ribosome?
• A. one
• B. two
• C. Three
• D. Four
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Ribosome: two subunits
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What process?
• Transfers the tRNA from the A to
the P location on the ribosome?
• ANSWER: Translocation
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What process?
• Is DNA making a copy of itself?
• ANSWER: Replication
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What is the DNA strand if:
• tRNA has the sequence
GUUCGAAUC
• 1. GATTCGAAC
• 2. CAAGCTTAG
• 3. CTAAGCTTG
• 4. GAUUCGAAC
• 5. GTTCGAATC
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What is the DNA strand if:
• tRNA has the sequence
GUUCGAAUC
• ANSWER:
• 5. GTTCGAATC
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MATCH
• A. structural and functional core
• B. template for translation
• C. transporting amino acid
• 1. mRNA
• 2. tRNA
• 3. rRNA
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MATCH
• A. structural and functional core
• B. template for translation
• C. transporting amino acid
• B mRNA
• C. tRNA
• A. rRNA
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What is the amino acid sequence for these codons?
* AUG UAC CCC UGU UAA
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What is the amino acid sequence for these codons?
• Answer:
• MET-TYR-PRO-CYS-STOP
* AUG UAC CCC UGU UAA
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What kind of things…
• Are mutagens?
• ANSWER: high-energy radiation, X-rays, cigarette smoke, UV light, asbestos
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Define:
• Mutation:
• ANSWER: Any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA
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What type of mutation is this?
• ORIGINAL: AACGTAGG
• MUTATION: AAACGTAGG
• ANSWER: insertion (A)
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What type of mutation is this?
• ORIGINAL: AACGTAGG
• MUTATION: AACGAGG
• ANSWER: Deletion (T)
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What type of mutation is this?
• ORIGINAL: AACGTAGG
• MUTATION: AACGGGAT
• ANSWER: Inversion (TAGG flipped))
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Matching Viruses:
• 1. Causes hemorrhagic fever
• 2. Mice in SW US carried this virus
• 3. In Malaysia• 4. Causes AIDS
• A. HIV
• B. Hanta virus
• C. Nipah
• D. Ebola
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Matching Viruses:
• 1. Causes hemorrhagic fever
• 2. Mice in SW US carried this virus
• 3. In Malaysia (encephalitis)
• 4. Causes AIDS
• (4) A. HIV
• (2) B. Hanta virus
• (3) C. Nipah
• (1) D. Ebola
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WHAT IS A RETROVIRUS?
• A. goes backwards
• B. codes DNA to DNA
• C. codes RNA to DNA
• ANSWER: C codes RNA to DNA
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WHAT IS the enzymes that codes retroviruses?
• A. reversase
• B. RNAase
• C. reverse transcriptase
• ANSWER: C reverse transcriptase