Ch. 10.3-Acquiring New LandsCh. 10.3-Acquiring New Lands

Puerto RicoPuerto Rico

Claimed by the Spanish Crown in 1493 Claimed by the Spanish Crown in 1493 following Columbus' second voyage to the following Columbus' second voyage to the Americas. Americas.

In 1898, after 400 years of colonial rule In 1898, after 400 years of colonial rule Puerto Rico was ceded to the US as a result Puerto Rico was ceded to the US as a result of the Spanish-American War. of the Spanish-American War.

Puerto Ricans were granted US Puerto Ricans were granted US citizenship in 1917. citizenship in 1917.

Popularly-elected governors have Popularly-elected governors have served since 1948. served since 1948.

In 1952, a constitution was enacted In 1952, a constitution was enacted providing for internal self government.providing for internal self government.

In plebiscites held in 1967, 1993, and In plebiscites held in 1967, 1993, and 1998, voters chose to retain 1998, voters chose to retain commonwealth status. commonwealth status.

Three options for the future?Three options for the future?

http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/rq.htmlhttp://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/rq.html

In 1898, Spain gave control of Cuba to the In 1898, Spain gave control of Cuba to the United States with the Treaty of Paris. United States with the Treaty of Paris.

In 1902, the United States granted Cuba In 1902, the United States granted Cuba its independence as promised with the its independence as promised with the Teller Amendment.Teller Amendment.

The US retained the right to intervene to The US retained the right to intervene to preserve Cuban independence and preserve Cuban independence and stability with the Platt Amendment. stability with the Platt Amendment.

The US got control of Guantanamo Bay as The US got control of Guantanamo Bay as well, a naval base we still have control of well, a naval base we still have control of today.today.

In 1934, the Platt Amendment was In 1934, the Platt Amendment was repealed. repealed.

Guantanamo Bay, CubaGuantanamo Bay, Cuba

What do you know about Cuba What do you know about Cuba today?today?

The PhilippinesThe Philippines

Mckinley’s Dilemma: What to do Mckinley’s Dilemma: What to do with the Philippines?with the Philippines?

“…“…there was nothing left for us to do but to there was nothing left for us to do but to take them all, and to educate the Filipinos, take them all, and to educate the Filipinos, and uplift and civilize and Christianize and uplift and civilize and Christianize them, and by God's grace do the very best them, and by God's grace do the very best we could by them, as our fellow-men for we could by them, as our fellow-men for whom Christ also died.”whom Christ also died.”

PhilippinesPhilippines

Emilio Aguinaldo Emilio Aguinaldo declared Philippine declared Philippine independence from independence from Spain on June 12, Spain on June 12, 18981898

After the Spanish-After the Spanish-American War, the American War, the US took over the US took over the islands for $20 million islands for $20 million in the 1898 Treaty of in the 1898 Treaty of ParisParis

Philippine-American WarPhilippine-American War

The Philippine–American War broke out The Philippine–American War broke out after the Filipinos realized that the US after the Filipinos realized that the US would not give them independencewould not give them independence

It ended with American control over the It ended with American control over the islands islands

12,000-20,000 Filipinos soldiers dead12,000-20,000 Filipinos soldiers dead 200,000-1.5 million Filipino civilians die-200,000-1.5 million Filipino civilians die-

Some contend US committed genocideSome contend US committed genocide 4,165 US soldiers dead4,165 US soldiers dead

In 1935, the Philippines was granted In 1935, the Philippines was granted Commonwealth status. Commonwealth status.

Plans for independence over the next Plans for independence over the next decade were interrupted by World War II decade were interrupted by World War II when the Japanese invaded and took when the Japanese invaded and took them overthem over

Allied troops defeated the Japanese in Allied troops defeated the Japanese in 1945. 1945.

On July 4, 1946, the Philippines attained On July 4, 1946, the Philippines attained its independenceits independence

ChinaChina

By the late 1800’s, it By the late 1800’s, it was looking as if was looking as if China would be China would be carved up like Africa carved up like Africa had beenhad been

China wanted to China wanted to prevent this from prevent this from happeninghappening

The Boxer RebellionThe Boxer Rebellion

John Hay - Open Door PolicyJohn Hay - Open Door Policy

Chapter 10.4 Chapter 10.4 America as a World PowerAmerica as a World Power

Teddy Roosevelt’s PresidencyTeddy Roosevelt’s Presidency

Assumed Presidency after McKinley was Assumed Presidency after McKinley was killedkilled

Roosevelt the PeacemakerRoosevelt the Peacemaker Ended the Russo-Japanese War in 1905Ended the Russo-Japanese War in 1905 Won the Nobel Peace Prize for his effortsWon the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts Panama CanalPanama Canal Roosevelt CorollaryRoosevelt Corollary

Russo-Japanese WarRusso-Japanese War1904-19051904-1905

Japan shocked the world by defeating Japan shocked the world by defeating RussiaRussia

Treaty of PortsmouthTreaty of Portsmouth Japan received Southern half of Sakhalin Japan received Southern half of Sakhalin

Island from RussiaIsland from Russia Japan took over Russian interests in Japan took over Russian interests in

Manchuria and KoreaManchuria and Korea

The Panama CanalThe Panama Canal

A canal across Panama had been desired A canal across Panama had been desired for a long time. Why?for a long time. Why?

France had started constructing a canal France had started constructing a canal but gave up due to costs and diseasebut gave up due to costs and disease

In 1903, US buys French company’s route In 1903, US buys French company’s route for $40 millionfor $40 million

Before starting, US had to get permission Before starting, US had to get permission from Colombia which controlled Panamafrom Colombia which controlled Panama

Panama CanalPanama Canal

Colombia refused to allow US entryColombia refused to allow US entry With support from the US, Panama revolted With support from the US, Panama revolted

against Colombiaagainst Colombia On November 3, 1903, Panama declared On November 3, 1903, Panama declared

independence from Colombiaindependence from Colombia US and Panama then signed canal deal where US and Panama then signed canal deal where

US would pay $10 million and a annual rent of US would pay $10 million and a annual rent of $250,000$250,000

This action greatly upsets Latin America. Why?This action greatly upsets Latin America. Why?

Panama Canal ConstructionPanama Canal Construction

One of the biggest engineering undertakings One of the biggest engineering undertakings everever

Had to fight disease(yellow fever and malaria)Had to fight disease(yellow fever and malaria) Soft, volcanic soil made it difficult to removeSoft, volcanic soil made it difficult to remove Over 43,000 workers helped build canalOver 43,000 workers helped build canal 5,600 workers dies5,600 workers dies Cost US $380 millionCost US $380 million Opened on August 15, 1914Opened on August 15, 1914

The Roosevelt CorollaryThe Roosevelt Corollary

It was an addition to the Monroe DoctrineIt was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine Said that the US would be the police Said that the US would be the police

officer between Latin America and Europeofficer between Latin America and Europe The US would use force to protect The US would use force to protect

interests in Latin Americainterests in Latin America

““Speak Softly and Carry a Big Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick”--Big Stick DiplomacyStick”--Big Stick Diplomacy

““Speak softly and carry a big stick” or “Big Speak softly and carry a big stick” or “Big Stick” diplomacy.Stick” diplomacy. What does this mean?What does this mean?

Look at examplesLook at examples

The Great White FleetThe Great White Fleet

Dollar Diplomacy-President TaftDollar Diplomacy-President Taft

Using the US government to guarantee Using the US government to guarantee loans to foreign countries by US banks loans to foreign countries by US banks and businessesand businesses

Economic imperialismEconomic imperialism US banks were in control of many US banks were in control of many

businesses in Latin Americabusinesses in Latin America US said it was needed to keep European US said it was needed to keep European

powers out of Latin Americapowers out of Latin America ““Substituting dollars for bullets”Substituting dollars for bullets”

President Woodrow WilsonPresident Woodrow Wilson

Wilson's ethical and religious beliefs also Wilson's ethical and religious beliefs also influenced his foreign policyinfluenced his foreign policy

Practiced “missionary diplomacy”Practiced “missionary diplomacy”

US would not recognize any government that US would not recognize any government that was oppressive, undemocratic and hostile was oppressive, undemocratic and hostile toward the UStoward the US

Used extensively in Latin AmericaUsed extensively in Latin America

Mexican Revolution 1910-1920Mexican Revolution 1910-1920

Started with the overthrow of Porfirio Díaz Started with the overthrow of Porfirio Díaz who ruled from 1884-1911who ruled from 1884-1911

Diaz was overthrown by Francisco Madero, Diaz was overthrown by Francisco Madero, who ruled from 1911-1913who ruled from 1911-1913

Madero was killed by Victoriano Huerta, Madero was killed by Victoriano Huerta, who ruled from 1913-1914who ruled from 1913-1914

Huerta was overthrown by Venustiano Huerta was overthrown by Venustiano Carranza, who ruled from 1914-1920 when Carranza, who ruled from 1914-1920 when he was killedhe was killed

Problems with Mexico-Border Problems with Mexico-Border War 1910-1919War 1910-1919

Mexican Mexican government was government was overthrown by overthrown by General Victoriano General Victoriano Huerta in 1913Huerta in 1913

Wilson refused to Wilson refused to recognize “a recognize “a government of government of butchers”butchers”

Tampico AffairTampico Affair

US took over the Mexican port of Veracruz US took over the Mexican port of Veracruz after Huerta arrested some Americans sailorsafter Huerta arrested some Americans sailors

War was extremely close until Argentina, War was extremely close until Argentina, Brazil and Chile stepped in and tried to settle Brazil and Chile stepped in and tried to settle conflictconflict

Huerta rejected the plan but his government Huerta rejected the plan but his government collapsed shortly thereaftercollapsed shortly thereafter

Venustiano Carranza became President Venustiano Carranza became President Wilson recognized his governmentWilson recognized his government

Pancho Villa-Mexican Pancho Villa-Mexican Expedition 1916-17Expedition 1916-17

Villa was pro-American at first but soon changed Villa was pro-American at first but soon changed after President Carranza asked US to control after President Carranza asked US to control Mexican minesMexican mines

Killed dozens of US citizens on two different Killed dozens of US citizens on two different occasions(once on US soil)occasions(once on US soil)

President Wilson ordered General John President Wilson ordered General John Pershing(and 15,000 troops) to go into Mexico Pershing(and 15,000 troops) to go into Mexico and capture Villaand capture Villa

Eventually, the Mexican Army clashed with Eventually, the Mexican Army clashed with Pershing’s forcesPershing’s forces

By 1917, both sides backed down(WWI)By 1917, both sides backed down(WWI)

QuestionsQuestions

How do think Latin American countries How do think Latin American countries viewed the United States at this time? viewed the United States at this time? Why?Why?

Why did the US intervene in Latin America Why did the US intervene in Latin America all the time?all the time?

Give examples of “big stick diplomacy”, Give examples of “big stick diplomacy”, “dollar diplomacy” and “moral diplomacy”.“dollar diplomacy” and “moral diplomacy”.

President McKinley’s AssassinationPresident McKinley’s Assassination

Killed by Leon Killed by Leon Czolgosz(Cholgosh)Czolgosz(Cholgosh)

He was an anarchist He was an anarchist that wanted all leader to that wanted all leader to be wiped outbe wiped out

Hoped to promote the Hoped to promote the anarchist movementanarchist movement

Last statement: "I killed Last statement: "I killed the President because the President because he was the enemy of he was the enemy of the good people-the the good people-the good working people. I good working people. I am not sorry for my am not sorry for my crime." crime."