chapter 11- part 1: adolescence
DESCRIPTION
Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence. Module 5 Physical Development in Adolescence. PHYSICAL MATURATION. Growth During Adolescence. Rapid Pace of Physical and Sexual Maturation Adolescence Growth spurt. 260. Physical Manifestations of Puberty. Rapid growth - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence
Module 5 Physical Development in
Adolescence
![Page 2: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
PHYSICAL MATURATION
![Page 3: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Growth During AdolescenceRapid Pace of Physical and
Sexual Maturation• Adolescence• Growth spurt
260
![Page 4: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Physical Manifestations of Puberty
• Rapid growth
• Development of primary and secondary sex characteristics
• Changes in body composition
• Changes in circulatory and respiratory systems
261
![Page 5: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Puberty in Girls
• Begins earlier for girls than for boys– Girls start puberty at around age 11 or 12,
and boys begin at around age 13 or 14– Wide variations among individuals
• Influenced by environment
261
![Page 6: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Onset of Menarche
• Varies in different parts of world• Begins later in poorer, developing
countries • Influenced by proportion of fat to muscle in
body• Related to environmental stress
261
![Page 7: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Puberty in Boys
• Penis and scrotum begin to grow at accelerated rate around age 12 and reach adult size about 3 or 4 years later
• Enlargement of prostate gland and seminal vesicles
• Spermarche around age 13
263
![Page 8: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
What is a secular trend?
• Earlier start of puberty is example of significant secular trend– Pattern of change occurring over several
generations– Trends occur when physical characteristic
changes over course of several generations– Result of better nutrition over centuries
262
![Page 9: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Primary Sex Characteristics
• Further development of sex glands– Testes in males
– Ovaries in females
262
![Page 10: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Secondary Sex Characteristics
• Changes in genitals and breasts• Growth of hair:
– Pubic– Facial– Body
• Further development of sex organs
262
![Page 11: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Summary of Changes in Adolescence Sexual Maturation
263
![Page 12: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Changes in body composition
• Body fat– Quantity and distribution of fat
• Muscle– Quantity and distribution of muscle
263
![Page 13: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Changes in Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
• Increased in strength• Increased tolerance for exercise
263
![Page 14: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Onset of Puberty• Gradual process• Roles of hormones (Collaer & Hines, 1995)
– Organizational– Activational
• Endocrine system levels of sex hormones– Feedback loop– Hypothalamuspituitary glandgonads(ovaries and
testes)
263
![Page 15: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Adolescent Growth Spurt
• Weight increase• Skeletal changes• Accelerated growth spurt• Asynchronicity in growth
264
![Page 16: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Timing and Tempo of Puberty
• Variation of timing and tempo great
• No relationship between onset and rate of pubertal development
• Some differences; causes are inconclusive
261
![Page 17: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Psychological Impact of Puberty
• Biological changes can have direct impact on behavior
• Biological changes can impact self-image which in turn affects behavior
• Biological changes transform appearance which may affect reactions of others, especially peers
263
![Page 18: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Impact of Specific Pubertal Events
• Females– Menarche
• Positive attitudegains in social maturity, peer prestige, self-esteem
• Negative attitudegreater menstrual discomfort
• Males– Ejaculation
• Little research• May be related to how culture views masturbation
263
![Page 19: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Immediate Impact of Puberty
• Self-esteem– Modest decline among girls when
accompanied by other changes that require adaptationsocial context is important
263
![Page 20: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Nutrition, Food, and Eating Disorders:
Fueling the Growth of Adolescence
![Page 21: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Nutritional Problems in Adolescence
• Poor eating habits– High consumption of junk food/sugar/fats– Large portion sizes– Lack of variety
• Related health concerns– Obesity– Osteoporosis– Diabetes– Heart disease
265
![Page 22: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Pubertal Changes and Eating Disorders
• Obesity• Anorexia Nervosa• Bulimia
265
![Page 23: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Obesity
• Ratio of body fat to muscle increases• Basal metabolism rate decreases• Overall physical appearance changes• 20% overweight; 5% obese; 15% seriously
overweight
265
![Page 24: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia• Definitions
– Anorexia=starvation to maintain low weight– Bulimia=binge and purge eating
• 1% anorexic and 3% bulimic• Higher incidence among females
• Disordered eating and body dissatisfaction reported across socioeconomic lines
266
![Page 25: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Adolescent Health
One of healthiest times in life span• Relatively low incidence of disabling or chronic
illness• Secular trend shows decrease in rates of death
and disability• Medical technology has improved health care for
children and youth
![Page 26: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Adolescent Health
• Unhealthy behaviors– Drug use
• Violence– Self-inflicted and other-inflicted
• Risky activity– Unprotected sexual intercourse– Drunken driving
Period of relative great physical risknew morbidity and mortality
![Page 27: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Brain Development and Thought: Paving the Way for
Cognitive Growth
![Page 28: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
A No Brainer?????
• Brain changes
• Growth spurts
• No clear 1:1 correspondence
267
![Page 29: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Use It or Lose It
• Brain produces oversupply of gray matter during adolescence which is later pruned back at rate of one to two percent per year
267
![Page 30: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
The Primal Teen
““…as the teenage brain is reconfigured, it remains more exposed, more easily wounded, perhaps much more susceptible to critical and long-lasting damage than most parents and educators or even most scientists had thought.”
-- (Strauch, 2003)
![Page 31: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
From Research to PracticeImmature Brain Argument: Too Young
for the Death Penalty?• After reading the information on page 268,
answer the following questions:– Do you think that the penalty for criminal behavior
should be tied to the maturity of a criminal’s brain? Why or why not?
– Are there other aspects of physical development that should be taken into consideration in determining a person’s responsibility for criminal activity?
268
![Page 32: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Booze It or Lose It!• Adolescent brain development produces
changes in regions involving dopamine sensitivity and production
• Adolescents may become less susceptible to effects of alcohol
• More drinks required to experience reinforcing qualities—leading to higher alcohol intake
• Alterations in dopamine sensitivity may create more sensitivity to stress, leading to further alcohol use
268
![Page 33: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Yawning of the Age of Adolescence
Sleep Deprivation• Adolescents go to bed later and get up earlier• Sleep deprivation takes its toll
– Lower grades– More depressed– Greater difficulty controlling their moods– Greater risk for auto accidents
268
![Page 34: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Review and ApplyREVIEW• Adolescence is a period of rapid physical growth,
including the changes puberty brings.
• Adolescents’ response to puberty range widely—from confusion to increased self-esteem.
• Adequate nutrition is essential to fuel adolescents’ physical growth. Changing physical needs and environmental pressures can induce obesity or eating disorders.
269
![Page 35: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Review and Apply
APPLY• How can societal and environmental influences
contribute to eating disorders?
269
![Page 36: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
THREATS TO ADOLESCENTS’ WELL-BEING
![Page 37: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Why do adolescents use drugs?
• Pleasurable experience • Escape• Peer pressure• Biological and psychological addiction
270
![Page 38: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Alcohol: Use and Abuse • Incidence• Binge drinking
270
![Page 39: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Why do adolescents start to drink?
• Way of proving themselves• Release of inhibitions and tension and
reduction of stress • False consensus effect
271
![Page 40: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
From Activity to Addiction
Adolescent alcoholics• Alcohol use becomes uncontrollable habit• Increasing ability to tolerate alcohol• Increasing need to drink ever-larger amounts of
liquor to bring about positive effects craved
271
![Page 41: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
The Informed Consumer of Development
Hooked on Drugs or Alcohol?Signals• Identification with the drug culture• Signs of physical deterioration• Dramatic changes in school performance• Changes in behavior(Adapted from Franck & Brownstone, 1991, p. 593–594)
271
![Page 42: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Tobacco: The Dangers of Smoking
• Incidence• Differences:
– Gender– International– Racial
272
![Page 43: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Why do adolescents begin to smoke and maintain the habit?
• Advertisements in the media• Addiction• Parent and peer models• Adolescent rite of passage
272
![Page 44: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Developmental Diversity
Pushing Smoking to the Less Advantaged• Tobacco companies carve out new markets by
turning to least advantaged • Tobacco companies aggressively recruit
adolescent smokers abroad
272
![Page 45: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
How Many?
![Page 46: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Other Sexually Transmitted Infections
• Human papilloma virus (HPV) • Trichomoniasis• Genital herpes• Gonorrhea and syphilis
273
![Page 47: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Review and Apply
REVIEW• The use of illegal drugs and alcohol is
prevalent among adolescents as a way to find pleasure, avoid pressure, or gain the approval of peers.
• Despite the well-known dangers of smoking, adolescents often smoke to enhance their images or emulate adults.
275
![Page 48: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Review and Apply
REVIEW• AIDS is the most serious of the sexually
transmitted infections, ultimately causing death. Safe sex practices or sexual abstinence can prevent AIDS, although adolescents often ignore these strategies.
275
![Page 49: Chapter 11- part 1: Adolescence](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070420/56815f6c550346895dce7197/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Discovering the Lifespan - Robert S. Feldman
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
Review and Apply
APPLY• How do adolescents’ concerns about self-
image and their perception that they are the center of attention contribute to smoking and alcohol use?
275