Public Speaking

Planning the Message

The listenable speech

Understood by listeners

• Conversational language• Structure with clear signposts• Phrases that tell listener what’s next

(transitions!)• Information that flows cohesively• Consistency

The extemporaneous speech

Gives you the advantage of…

• Talking points

(vs. impromptu)• Notes / outline

(vs. memorized)• Quotations, illustrations and statistics

from research

(vs. impromptu)• Planning for a more spontaneous and

natural oral presentation

(vs. manuscript / memorized)

Piece of (chocolate) cake…

7 Steps

1. Topic

2. Central idea

3. Research to develop central idea

4. Finalize central idea, purpose and goal that adapts to the listeners and setting of the presentation

5. Formulate and organize body to achieve goal

6. Prepare for the presentation / delivery

7. Polish the introduction and conclusion

Things to always keep in mind

Your audience

The setting

The purpose

Ethics

Audience Analysis

DemographicsAge, gender, religion, ethnicity, education, occupation, race

Psychographics (predispositions!)Conservative / liberal dispositionsPolitical affiliations

RheterographicsPlace, time, emotional climate for the speech

Applying your analysisTopic selection

• Must be specific and relevant to audience

Language selection

• Be clear, be clever, be relevant

Central idea

• Is your goal to inform or persuade?• What arguments will you use to

accomplish this goal with this audience?

Informative VS Persuasive

INFORMATIVE PERSUASIVE

Back to your audience

Audience analysis• My audience is ___ (race, age, male to female ratio, values, beliefs)

• I want my audience to understand _____ as a result of my message

• My audience’s relationship to this message should be ____

• My audience already knows ____ about my topic

• My audience will want or need to hear ______

• My audience may not understand or need to know _____ so I may leave out _____

• My audience may like, enjoy or appreciate ______

• Mu audience may not like, enjoy or appreciate ______