chapter 11, section 1 forces inside the earth. elastic deformation the ability of an object to bend...
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Chapter 11, Section 1 Forces Inside the Earth
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Elastic Deformation
• The ability of an object to bend and stretch without breaking.
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Elastic Limit
• The point at which an object that has elasticity breaks.
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Rocks and Elasticity
• Rocks will bend and stretch in response to forces within the Earth until they reach an elastic limit, at which time they break.
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Review of Forces• Compression– Pushes/squeezes rocks together
• Tension– Pulls rocks apart
• Shearing– Slides rocks past each other
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Faults
• Occur when rocks reach an elastic limit and break.
• Rocks on either side of the break move.
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Anatomy of a Fault
• Fault Plane– Surface of the
fault.
• Hanging Wall– Rocks above
the fault plane.
• Foot Wall– Rocks below
the fault plane.
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Faults
• 3 types:– Normal faults– Reverse faults– Strike-slip faults
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Faults• Normal Fault– Rocks in the hanging wall move down relative
to the rocks in the footwall.– Caused by tension
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Faults• Reverse Fault– Rocks in the hanging wall move up relative
to the rocks in the footwall.– Caused by compression.– Thrust fault
• Special type of reverse fault where the rocks in the hanging wall are pushed up and over the rocks in the foot wall at a very low angle.
• Common in steep mountains.
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Faults• Strike-slip faults– Rocks on either side of the fault plane
are moving past each other with little up or down motion.
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