chapter 11 sectional conflict increases 1845-1861 northsouth
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 11Sectional Conflict Increases
1845-1861
NORTH SOUTH
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Slavery Divides the Nation
• By 1800, there were 50,000 enslaved people in the North, compared to 1 million in the
South
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Missouri Compromise of 1820
• Every time there was going to be a new state, there was much debate whether it would be a slave OR free state.
• Missouri became a slave state but slavery would not be allowed anywhere else north of Missouri’s southern border.
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Election of 1848
Democrats Whigs Free Soil Party
Lewis Cass Zachary Taylor (he wins) Martin Van Buren
Favored popular sovereignty and opposed Wilmot Proviso
Political views were unknown but he was a war hero during the US-Mexican War
Since neither party really addressed the slavery issue, anti-slavery Democrats and Whigs formed this party.
Prohibited expansion of slavery in newly acquired western territory
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Discussion
“All society is formed upon the principle of mutual concession” – Henry Clay
Agree or Disagree?
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Fire-Eaters
• Southerners who were very pro-slavery and wanted the South to secede
• Threatened the Congress to choose between abolition and secession
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Compromise of 1850
Congress passed Clay’s measures:1. California was admitted as a free state2. New Mexico and Utah territories
would decide by popular sovereignty3. Texas was unrestricted to slavery4. Slave trade was abolished in the
District of Columbia
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President of U.S
• President Zachary Taylor– Died- he had opposed Clay’s compromise
• Vice President Millard Fillmore replaced Taylor– favored Clay’s compromise– Congress passed Clay’s measures and it was
known as the Compromise of 1850
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Popular Sovereignty and the Wilmot Proviso
• Popular Sovereignty:– leaving the issue up to territorial governments
• Wilmot Proviso:– banned slavery in all lands that would be acquired
from Mexico • (failed)
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Debate Question
Federal vs.
State Right’s
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Election of 1852
• Democrat candidate, Franklin Pierce won the election– Persuaded both north and south on the issue of
slavery– Called, “a northern man with southern principles”– He proved to be a weak leader
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List of Presidents1. George Washington2. John Adams3. Thomas Jefferson4. James Madison5. James Monroe6. John Quincy Adams7. Andrew Jackson8. Martin Van Buren (1829-1837)9. William Henry Harrison (1841-1841) (first person to die in office – 32 days in office)10. John Tyler (1841-1845)11. James Polk (1845-1849)12. Zachary Taylor (1849-1850) (died after 16 months in office)13. Millard Fillmore (1850-1853)14. Franklin Pierce15. James Buchanan16. Abraham Lincoln
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Fugitive Slave Act
• Under the law, no black person was safe
• Many blacks in the north, were now transported back to the south
• The Compromise of 1850 started to fall apart mainly due to this act– Authorized the arrest of escaped slaves even in
states where slavery was illegal
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Anti-Slavery Issue
• Abolitionists from the North and Midwest used their pens to win people to their cause
• Goal was to change public opinion
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Uncle Tom’s Cabin• Harriet Beecher Stowe was the author
– Helped convince many Americans of the moral wrongs of slavery
– African Americans depicted as husbands and wives, parents and children
– For the first time, readers began to think of slaves as people, rather than as possessions.
– In 1862, Lincoln met with Harriet Beecher Stowe and reportedly said, “So you’re the little woman that wrote the book that made this great war”• Compared to Common Sense
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Frederick Douglass
• Taught to read and write
• A life devoted to the cause of freedom, for women as well as blacks
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Discussion
Compare Compromise of 1850
toKansas-Nebraska Act of 1854
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Kansas Nebraska Act of 1854
• Congress divided the Nebraska territory into Kansas and Nebraska– Residents of each territory would vote to allow or
outlaw slavery• Congress assumed Kansas would be slave and Nebraska
free– Northerners and Southerners tried to influence the vote
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Things Turn Violent
• Pro slavery residents from Missouri attacked the antislavery town of Lawrence, Kansas.
• Northern abolitionist John Brown responded by killing five proslavery settlers.
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Bleeding Kansas
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Violence in the Senate
• Violence over the slavery issue broke out on the floor of the U.S. Senate. – Southern Representative Preston Brooks badly
beat Northern Senator Charles Sumner with a cane.
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Republican Party
• Party based on anti-slavery
• Ended up losing to Democrat candidate– James Buchanan (1856 President)
• With the Whig and American Party (Know-Nothings) finished, a lot of people joined the Republican ticket
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Individual Reading Activity
Read Page 358: Dred Scott and the Supreme Court
1. What do you find disturbing after reading this?
2. What did the Supreme Court rule?
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Dred Scott Case
• Case was heard by the US Supreme Court
• Roger B. Taney (TAW-nee) was one of five southerners on the Court– Wrote the majority opinion– Declared Scott was not a citizen and therefore could not
bring suit in the U.S– Slaves were considered property
• Rejected the Missouri Compromise based on the Fifth Amendment
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Effects of Dred Scott Case
• After Kansas-Nebraska Act, and now the Dred Scott Decision, there was no way to keep slavery from spreading into the territories.
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Lincoln and Douglas
• Republican Abraham Lincoln ran for Senator of Illinois- spoke out against the expansion of slavery.
• Faced off against Stephen Douglas (Democrat)– known as the Little Giant
• Douglas narrowly defeated Lincoln
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Abraham Lincoln
• “A house divided against itself cannot stand”
• What does this mean? • What is Abraham Lincoln talking about?
• The nation, he argued, could not remain forever divided into slave and free states
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Discussion
• What issues divide the U.S today?
1.Environment2.Immigration3.War4.Abortion5.Stem Cell Research
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John Brown’s Raid
• Brown, armed with a band of some 20 men, including five African Americans were back on the attack
• Harper’s Ferry– 1859- seized the federal arsenal in Virginia • (now in WV)
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Harper’s Ferry
• Planned to give the arsenal’s guns to slaves living nearby
• However, no slaves came to aid the group• Federal troops under the command of Colonel Robert
E. Lee assaulted Brown’s positions– Brown and his men were killed
• (Think of Boondock Saints or Dexter)
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Discussion
• What do you think about John Brown’s actions?
• If you were a southerner, how do you feel about what Brown did?
• If you were a northerner, how do you feel about what Brown did?
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Response to Raid
North South
Saw Brown as a Hero Saw Brown as bloodthirsty fanatic
Made North look like they supported theft, murder, and treason
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Election of 1860Republican Northern Democrat Southern Democrat Constitutional
Union
Lincoln (winner!) Douglas Breckinridge Bell
Attracted Northern industrialists, wage earners, and mid-western farmers
Won only Missouri and part of NJ
Southern radicals Southern moderates
59% electoral vote 24% electoral vote 13% electoral vote 4% electoral vote
40% popular vote 30% popular vote 18% popular vote 12% popular vote
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Group Activity
Page 362
Look at the Map of the Election of 1860
Based on what you see on the map, how is it that Lincoln won the presidency?
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Questions
• Read Pages 362-363
1. What event caused secession?
2. What state was the first to secede?
3. What did the seceding states call themselves?
4. How was their Constitution different than the U.S Constitution?
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Secession!
• Lincoln had a moderate stance on slavery– Once elected, South Carolina unanimously voted
to leave the Union
• Confederate States of America was created.– Jefferson Davis was the president of the Confederacy
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Views of Secession
North South
Supported Constitution Defended secession on the grounds of states’ rights
Supported concept of majority rule
Determined to protect slavery
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Chapter 11 Quiz