chapter 11 sections 1& 2. the industrial revolution objective: to examine the growth in mid-19...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 11
Sections 1& 2
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The Industrial Revolution
Objective: To examine the growth in mid-19 century technology and the subsequent factory conditions.
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The Industrial Revolution
• Gradually, machines took the place of many hand tools.
• Much of the power once provided by people and horses began to be replaced, first by flowing water and then by steam engines.
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Steam Transport
• Fitch and Fulton
• The Age of Steamboats– Cheap means of moving goods– Move people
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American Industry Grows
• Machines and Factories
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Revolution Takes Hold
Mass Production
Rapid manufacture of large numbers of identical objects
Interchangeable Parts
Identical pieces that could be assembled quickly by unskilled workers
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The Effects of Factory Growth
• Factory workers often worked 15 hours or more a day.
• Child labor and injuries were common, and wages were low.
(photo by Lewis Hine, 1908- 1912)
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Some of the young knitters in London Hosiery Mills. London, Tenn. (photo by Lewis Hine, 1908- 1912)
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How did workers fight against factory owners?
• By the 1830’s, workers began to form trade unions in order to fight for better working conditions.
• Union workers sometimes make their demands by going on strike.
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Negatives
Factories began to replace skilled workers,
such as carpenters and shoemakers.
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Section 2: The North Transformed
• Growth of Cities: – Urbanization-the growth of cities due to
movement of people from rural areas to cities
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• The telegraph was invented by Samuel Morse in 1844.First Transcontinental Telegraph Line, 1860
S. F. B. Morse in 1844
Growth of Northern Industry
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Advances
Agriculture
• Mechanical Reaper– Cyrus McCormick
Manufacturing
• Isaac Singer– Sewing Machine
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American Industry Grows
• The Lowell Mills– Francis Cabot Lowell– Waltham, Massachusetts– Spinning/weaving together– Lowell Girls
• Boarding houses
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Transportation Revolution
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• Railroads became an important part of the American economy beginning in the 1850’s.
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BENEFITS:
Farmers and merchants could transport their goods quicker and cheaper.
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United States rail network - 1870
- Cities grew along rail routes. Ex.) Chicago and Cincinnati
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Immigrants
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New Americans
• In the 1840’s and 1850’s, about 4 million immigrants arrived in the U.S.
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• In the 1840’s, over 1 million people died in Ireland due to the Irish Potato Famine.
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New York City riots, 1863
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(left) Population density of people born in Ireland, 1870; these were mostly Catholics
• Most Irish immigrants came to the U.S. poor, settling in either Boston, New York, or Philadelphia.
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The Germans
• German immigrants came to the U.S. to escape war and to better their lives.
German immigrants boarding a ship for America in the late 19th century
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• Those with money bought farms in the Midwest.
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• Those too poor to buy land stayed in east coast cities, such as New York.
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Effects of Immigration
• Immigrants took available jobs in factories and mines, helping the economy.
1900 US photo miners in Hazleton, PA
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• Nativists tried to limit immigration, blaming immigrants for “stealing” jobs from native-born Americans and for being criminals.
(above) New York Times want ad 1854
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• In the 1850’s, nativists formed the Know-Nothing Party.
A cartoon from the 1850s by the "Know-Nothings" accusing the Irish and German immigrants of negatively affecting an election.
Video Clip: Gangs of New York (2:00)
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Cartoons depicted Irish immigrants as ape-like barbarians prone to lawlessness, laziness and drunkenness.