CHAPTER 1.1 REVISION

When studying the Treaty of Versailles: You ought to know

■AIMS and REASONS for their MOTIVATIONS of the BIG 3

■TERMS of the Treaty of Versailles and its IMPACT on Germany.

AIMS and REASONS for their MOTIVATIONS of the BIG 3■Need to know the difference between the

individual leaders (BIG 3)■Need to know WHY they held those

attitudes.

Leaders Attitude towards Germany at Versailles• Germany should be crippled• Germany should pay reparations• Germany to accept total blame• Wanted revenge• Germany should be punished• Germany should not be crippled, but

it should not be allowed to build a strong navy

• Germany was a future potential trading partner

• Unjust treatment of Germany might lead to future wars

• Germany should be punished and weakened

• Wanted to establish his 14 Points • Treaty should be a just peace for all

The different motivations and aims of the ‘Big Three’

were determined by the different experiences that each country faced

during the war.

US PRESIDENT• A ‘fair and lasting peace’ for the world in general based on Woodrow Wilson’s

Fourteen Points.• He wanted to achieve a fair peace which included:• Self Determination• Disarmament• Establishing the League of Nations

Why did the US have these aims?• The USA was not keen to be entangled in European

affairs and was more concerned about making the world a safer place.

• The USA’s war experience was different from Britain and France.

• Unlike France, it had not been invaded in WW1. It had also entered the war late. In 1917. Hence the USA suffered very little and was not compelled to seek harsh reparations.

BRITAIN PRIME MINISTER• Britain wanted ‘justice’, but not revenge. It wanted to punish Germany but

still needed Germany for its own political reasons.• However, PM Lloyd George was under pressure to make Germany pay a

high price.

Why did the British PM have these aims?• Britain was concerned with the threat of Communism.

A strong Germany could stop the threat of Communism.• Britain, with its weakened economy believed a recovered

Germany would help to boost the economy of Europe. She also wanted Germany to resume their trading partnership.

• However, Britain also had suffered large numbers of casualties during WW1. Prime Minister Lloyd George had won the election promising to ‘make Germany pay’.

FRANCE’S PRIME MINISTER

• France wanted revenge on Germany and compensation for its war damage.• It wanted Germany’s reparations to be as large as possible. • France wanted Germany to accept total blame for the war. • France wanted to reclaim Alsace-Lorraine, which was lost to Germany in 1871.

Why did the French PM have these aims?• Germany had attacked France twice (in 1870 and 1914) and

lost valuable land like Alsace-Lorraine. • France wanted to punish Germany because France’s damage

and destruction was severe. It suffered many casualties and its economy was shattered. France wanted to obtain reparations for the damage done.

• It was determined to weaken Germany so France would never be in danger again.

•

TERMS of the Treaty of Versailles and its IMPACT on Germany.

■Need to know each term of TOV plus factual examples

■Need to know the impact of each factor on Germany = Feeling + Outcome

Terms of the Treaty1. German territorial

losses

2. Military terms

3. War guilt clause

4. Reparations

5. League of Nations

Impact: The Diktat

Impact: Crippling Germany

Impact: Leading to German resentment, anger

Example of Type of Possible SEQ (A) Questions on TOVQuestion FocusExplain the aims/motivations of the leaders during the Paris Peace ConferenceExplain how the Allies wanted to deal with Germany after WW2Explain why the aims of the BIG 3 differed each other?Explain why the Germans resented/ hated the TOVExplain how the TOV affected the German’s livesExplain why the TOV was humiliating to the Germans

Example of Type of Possible SEQ (A) Questions on TOVQuestion FocusExplain the aims/motivations of the leaders during the Paris Peace Conference

Aim+ Reasons behind

Explain how the Allies wanted to deal with Germany after WW2

Attitudes + Terms/Impact

Explain why the aims of the BIG 3 differed each other?

Attitudes + Impact (Terms)

Explain why the Germans resented/ hated the TOV

Terms + Impact

Explain how the TOV affected the German’s lives

Terms +Impact

Explain why the TOV was humiliating to the Germans

Terms + Impact

Example of Type of Possible SEQ (A) Questions on TOV

Question Focus

Describe why the Allies deemed it necessary to impose a tough TOV on Germany.

Reasons of Allies

What were the reasons the Germans found the TOV harsh?

Terms of TOV + IMPACT

Describe how Clemenceau and Wilson differed over how to deal with Germany.

Differing Attitudes of Allies

Describe the terms of the TOV. Terms of TOV