chapter 1.2 chapter 1.2 microscopes allow us to see inside the cell before, you learned some...
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Chapter 1.2 Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell
BEFORE, you learned Some organisms are
unicellular, and some are multicellular
A microscope is necessary to study most cells
The cell theory describes the cell as the fundamental unit of life
NOW, you will learn
About different types of microscopes
About prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
How plant and animal cells are similar and different
Chp 1.2 pg 18
Think About
How small are cells?
MICROMETER (1µm) = 1
1,000,000 of a meter
17,000 bacteria cells lined up
would fit across a dime
Chp 1.2 pg 18
The Microscope is an Important Tool
Chp 1.2 pg 18-19
In light microscopes, LENSES bendthe LIGHT to make objects appear
BIGGER than they are.
. . .. . .
. … .. ..
Mixed Bacteriaas seen under a light
microscope
Modern LightMicroscopes can magnify objects
up to 1000x!
The Microscope is an Important Tool
Chp 1.2 pg 18-19
Cell samples aretreated with dyes
to make structuresin the cells easier
to see.
The Microscope is an Important Tool
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
Transmission Electron
Microscope (TEM)
Chp 1.2 pg 19
Can produce imagesas small as
0.00002µm (micrometers)
In both SEM and TEM, tiny particles called ELECTRONS, not LIGHT areused to produce images.
The Microscope is an Important Tool
SEM & TEM Light Microscope
Chp 1.2 pg 19
Electrons, not light used to produce images
Light used toproduce images
Used to see the Details of the parts of cells
Used to see someParts of the cells
CANNOT be used to study LIVE cells
Allow scientists tostudy LivingCells
Used to observe
Microbes that can not
be seen with
just your eyes
Chp 1.2 pg 19
Looking at Organisms with a SEM:
1) Cell samples must be coated in a heavy metal.
2) The electrons bounce of the coating and are read by a detector.
3) The detector produces a 3-D image of the surface.
Chp 1.2 pg 19
Looking at Organisms with a TEM:
1) Sample must be sliced extremely thin.
2) Electrons pass through a thin section.
3) Images appear 2-D
Cells are Diverse
Chp 1.2 pg 20
Cell Membrane:Encloses the insideof each cell andprotects it.
Cytoplasm:Gelatin-likematerial insidethe cellmembrane
Genetic Material: Allows the cell toreproduce.
Cells are Diverse
Chp 1.2 pg 20
Genetic Information
PROKARYOTIC CELLS: Genetic Information is located in theCytoplasm
Cells are Diverse
Chp 1.2 pg 20
Genetic Information
EUKARYOTIC CELLS: Genetic Information is separated from the cytoplasm by a membrane.
The ORGANELLE that containsmost of the genetic materialis called the NUCLEUS
Plants and Animals Have Eukaryotic Cells
Nucleus
Usually the largest organelle in the cell.
Stores the instructions a cell needs to function.
Chp 1.2 pg 21
Plants and Animals Have Eukaryotic Cells
Plants have Cell Walls
A tough outer covering that lies just outside the cell membrane.
Protects and supports cell.
Chp 1.2 pg 21
Chp 1.2 pg 23
Structures that Process Information (Plants & Animals)
Ribosomes: Use informationto build important proteins
Organelles that Provide Energy (Plants)
Chp 1.2 pg 23
Chloroplast: Energy from sunlight is used to make sugars.
Organelles that Provide Energy (Plants & Animals)
Chp 1.2 pg 23
Mitochondria: Organellesthat use oxygen to get energyfrom processing food.
Organelles that Process and Transport (Plants & Animals)
Chp 1.2 pg 23-24
Golgi Apparatus: Takes materials made by the Endoplasmic Reticulum and finishes processing them.
Endoplasmic Reticulum: Makes parts of cell membrane and transports materials