Discovering Computers 2008FundamentalsFourth Edition

Chapter 12 Enterprise Computing

Chapter 12 Objectives

Discuss the special information requirements of an enterprise-sized corporation

Discuss the special information requirements of an enterprise-sized corporation

Identify information systems used in the functional units of an enterprise

Identify information systems used in the functional units of an enterprise

List general purpose and integrated information systems used throughout an enterprise

List general purpose and integrated information systems used throughout an enterprise

List types of technologies used throughout an enterprise

List types of technologies used throughout an enterprise

Describe the major types of e-commerceDescribe the major types of e-commerce

Discuss the computer hardware needs and solutions for an enterprise

Discuss the computer hardware needs and solutions for an enterprise

Determine why computer backup is important and how it is accomplished

Determine why computer backup is important and how it is accomplished

Discuss the steps in a disaster recovery planDiscuss the steps in a disaster recovery plan

Next

What is Enterprise Computing?

What is an enterprise?

p. 452 Next

Large organization such as multinational corporation, university, hospital, research laboratory, or government organization

Large organization such as multinational corporation, university, hospital, research laboratory, or government organization

Requires special computing solutions because of its sizeRequires special computing solutions because of its size

Enterprise computingEnterprise computing—use of computers in networks that

encompass variety of operating systems, protocols, and network architectures

Enterprise computingEnterprise computing—use of computers in networks that

encompass variety of operating systems, protocols, and network architectures

What is Enterprise Computing?

How does information flow within an enterprise? Enterprise manages large amounts of information over an

extensive geographical area and disparate groups of people

p. 452 - 453 Fig. 12-1 Next

What is Enterprise Computing?

How are enterprises organized?

p. 454 Fig. 12-2 Next

Most are organized in a hierarchy

Executive managementExecutive managementstrategic decisions

Middle managementMiddle managementtactical decisions

What is Enterprise Computing?

What are the four categories of users?

p. 455 Fig. 12-3 Next

Operational managementOperational managementoperational decisions

Nonmanagement employeesNonmanagement employeeson-the-job decisions

What is Enterprise Computing?

What is enterprise information?

p. 456 Next

Information gathered in ongoing operations of enterprise

Information gathered in ongoing operations of enterprise

Allows managers to make better decisions

Allows managers to make better decisions

Collected, combined, and analyzed over time

Collected, combined, and analyzed over time

Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 12, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Business Process Management below Chapter 12

What is Enterprise Computing?

What are the four management activities?

p. 456 Next

1. Planningobjectivesstrategiestactics

2. Organizingmoneypeoplemanagement structure

3. Leadingcommunicationsinstructionsmotivation

4. Controllingperformancemeasurementcorrective action

Information Systems in the EnterpriseWhat is an information system?

p. 456 - 457 Fig. 12-4 Next

Set of hardware, software, data, people, and procedures that work together to produce information Procedures are

instructions users follow to accomplish activities

Information Systems in the EnterpriseWhat is a functional unit?

p. 456 - 457 Next

Individual operating entity, which can include departments, centers, and divisions

ManufacturingManufacturingEngineering Engineering or Product or Product

DevelopmentDevelopment

HumanHumanResourcesResources

(HR)(HR)

AccountingAccountingandand

FinanceFinance

DistributionDistributionSalesSalesMarketingMarketing

InformationInformationTechnologyTechnology

Customer Customer ServiceService

Information Systems in the EnterpriseWhat are the functions of accounting and finance systems?

p. 458 Fig. 12-6 Next

Information Systems in the EnterpriseWhat is a human resources information system (HRIS)?

p. 458 - 459 Fig. 12-7 Next

Manages human resources functions Employee relationship management (ERM) system

facilitates communication with employees

Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 12, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Employee Relationship Management below Chapter 12

Information Systems in the EnterpriseWhat is computer-aided design (CAD)?

p. 459 Next

Uses special software to aid in product design Computer-aided engineering (CAE) uses

computers to test product designs

Information Systems in the EnterpriseWhat is computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)?

p. 459 Fig. 12-8 Next

Use of computers to control production equipment Computer-integrated

manufacturing (CIM) integrates operations of manufacturing process

Information Systems in the EnterpriseWhat is Material Requirements Planning (MRP)?

p. 459 Next

Uses software to monitor and control production processes

Focuses on inventory of parts

Information Systems in the EnterpriseWhat is a marketing information system?

p. 460 Next

Central repository for marketing tasks Market research software analyzes data gathered from

surveys

Information Systems in the EnterpriseWhat is sales force automation (SFA) software?

p. 460 Fig. 12-9 Next

Tools for traveling salespeople

Runs on PDAs or notebook computers

Information Systems in the EnterpriseWhat are distribution systems?

p. 460 Next

Provide forecasting Provide forecasting for inventory control, for inventory control,

and manage and track and manage and track shipping of shipping of

productsproducts

Provide Provide information and information and analysis on analysis on inventoryinventory

Information Systems in the EnterpriseWhat is customer interaction management (CIM) software?

p. 460 Next

Manages interactions with customers

Telephone calls E-mail Web interactions Instant Messaging sessions

Information Systems in the EnterpriseWhat is the information technology department?

p. 461 Next

Makes technology decisions for the enterprise Many companies elevate the importance of

information technology by including a chief information officer (CIO)

Information Systems in the EnterpriseWhat is an office information system (OIS)?

p. 461 Next

Users create graphics and Users create graphics and documents, send messages, documents, send messages,

schedule appointments, browse schedule appointments, browse the Web, and publish Web pagesthe Web, and publish Web pages

Sometimes called office automation

Enables employees to perform tasks using computers and other

electronic devices instead of manually

Information Systems in the EnterpriseWhat is a transaction processing system (TPS)?

p. 461 - 462 Fig. 12-10 Next

Captures and processes data from day-to-day transactions Transaction—

individual business activity

Information Systems in the EnterpriseWhat is a management information system (MIS)?

p. 462 Fig. 12-11 Next

Generates accurate, timely, and organized information so managers can track progress and make decisions

Information Systems in the EnterpriseWhat is a decision support system (DSS)?

p. 463 Fig. 12-12 Next

Helps users analyze data and make decisions Uses data from internal and external sources, as

needed Executive information system (EIS) supports needs of

executive management

Information Systems in the EnterpriseWhat is an expert system?

p. 464 Next

Captures and stores knowledge of human Captures and stores knowledge of human experts and then imitates human experts and then imitates human reasoning and decision makingreasoning and decision making

Captures and stores knowledge of human Captures and stores knowledge of human experts and then imitates human experts and then imitates human reasoning and decision makingreasoning and decision making

Consists of two componentsConsists of two componentsConsists of two componentsConsists of two components

knowledge base—knowledge base—combined subject combined subject

knowledge and knowledge and experiences of experiences of human expertshuman experts

knowledge base—knowledge base—combined subject combined subject

knowledge and knowledge and experiences of experiences of human expertshuman experts

inference rules—set inference rules—set of logical judgments of logical judgments

applied to the applied to the knowledge baseknowledge base

inference rules—set inference rules—set of logical judgments of logical judgments

applied to the applied to the knowledge baseknowledge base

Information Systems in the EnterpriseWhat is an example of an expert system?

p. 464 Fig. 12-13 Next

Step 1. A user selects his or her gender

Step 2. Select the location on the body where the problem is being experienced

Step 3. Select the type of pain.

Step 4. Select other information about the problem.

Step 5. Review the possible diagnosis.

Information Systems in the EnterpriseWhat is enterprise resource planning (ERP)?

p. 465 Fig. 12-14 Next

Provides software applications to coordinate activities of functional units

Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 12, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Enterprise Resource Planning below Chapter 12

Information Systems in the EnterpriseWhat is a customer relationship management (CRM) system?

p. 466 Next

Manages information about customers, interactions with customers, past purchases, and interests

Information Systems in the EnterpriseWhat is a content management system (CMS)?

p. 466 Fig. 12-15 Next

Combination of databases, software, and procedures Organizes and allows access to documents and other files

Enterprise-Wide Technologies

What is a portal?

p. 467 Fig. 12-16 Next

Collection of links, content, and services presented on Web page

Designed to guide users to information they are likely to find interesting for a particular job function

Enterprise-Wide Technologies

What is a data warehouse?

p. 468 Fig. 12-17 Next

Huge database that stores data required to analyze historical and current transactions

Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 12, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Data Warehouse below Chapter 12

Enterprise-Wide Technologies

What is an extranet?

p. 469 Next

Portion of network that allows customers or

suppliers to access parts of enterprise’s intranet

Portion of network that allows customers or

suppliers to access parts of enterprise’s intranet

Replaces or supplements existing EDI systems

Replaces or supplements existing EDI systems

Enterprise-Wide Technologies

What are Web services?

p. 469 Fig. 12-18 Next

Technologies that allow businesses to create products and B2B (business-to-business) interactions on Internet

Enterprise-Wide Technologies

What is a workflow?

p. 469 Next

Steps involved in completing project or business process

Workflow application is a program that tracks process from start to finish

Enterprise-Wide Technologies

What is a virtual private network (VPN)?

p. 470 Fig. 12-19 Next

Provides secure connection for user connecting to company network server using Internet

E-Commerce

What is e-retail?

p. 470 Next

Merchant account is account set up with credit card company so retailer

can accept credit card payments from customers

Also called e-tailRetailers use Web to sell

products and services

E-Commerce

What are online banking and online trading?

p. 472 Next

Online banking allows users to pay bills and view their bank accounts and statements from their computers

Online trading allows users to invest without using broker, often with a lower transaction fee

E-Commerce

What health-related information can you find on the Web?

p. 472 Next

Medical, fitness, nutrition, and exercise Databases of doctors and dentists, chat rooms, online

pharmacies

E-Commerce

What entertainment, media, and travel services are on the Web?

p. 472 - 473 Fig. 12-21 Next

Music, videos, news, sporting events, and games

Airline, hotel, and car reservations Shopping bot—

searches for best price on product or service

E-Commerce

Video: Surf the Web or Maui with World Wikia

Next

CLICK TO START

Enterprise Hardware

What is enterprise hardware?

p. 474 Next

Allows large Allows large organizations organizations

to manage to manage and store and store

information information and dataand data

One goal is One goal is to maintain to maintain high level of high level of availabilityavailability

Availabilityhow often

hardware is online

Enterprise Hardware

What is a RAID?

p. 474 Fig. 12-22 Next

Redundant array of independent disks Group of two or more integrated hard disks More reliable than traditional hard disks

Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 12, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click RAIDbelow Chapter 12

Enterprise Hardware

What is network attached storage (NAS)?

p. 474 - 475 Fig. 12-23 Next

Server that provides storage to users and information systems

Storage area network (SAN) is a high-speed network that provides storage to other servers to which it is attached

Enterprise Hardware

What is an enterprise storage system?

p. 476 Fig. 12-24 Next

Strategy that focuses on storage availability, protection, organization, and backup

Uses combination of techniques

Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 12, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Fibre Channelbelow Chapter 12

Enterprise Hardware

What is a blade server?

p. 477 Fig. 12-25 Next

Sometimes called ultradense server Complete server on single card, or blade, rather than

system unit Saves space, requires less maintenance, uses less energy,

generates less heat, and is easily replaced or upgraded Blade server chassis holds many blades

Enterprise Hardware

What are high-availability systems?

p. 477 Next

Availability (uptime) of at least 99 percent

Availability (uptime) of at least 99 percent

Often includes hot-swapping

Often includes hot-swapping

Hot-swappingallows components to be replaced while

rest of system continues

to perform tasks

Hot-swappingallows components to be replaced while

rest of system continues

to perform tasks

May include redundant

components

May include redundant

components

Redundant componentRedundant componenttakes over task of

similar component that fails

Redundant componentRedundant componenttakes over task of

similar component that fails

Enterprise Hardware

What are scalability and interoperability?

p. 477 - 478 Next

ScalabilityScalabilityis measure of how well is measure of how well

computer hardware system, computer hardware system, software application, or software application, or

information system can grow information system can grow to meet increasing needsto meet increasing needs

InteroperabilityInteroperabilityis ability to share information is ability to share information

with other information with other information systems within enterprisesystems within enterprise

Adding hardware Adding hardware is often easiest is often easiest method to growmethod to grow

System that shares System that shares information easily information easily is said to be openis said to be open

Backup Procedures and Security

What are the four types of backups?

p. 478 Next

Full Backup

Selective Backup

Incremental BackupDifferential Backup

Backup Procedures and Security

What is a disaster recovery plan?

p. 479 Next

Written plan for restoring computer operations in event of disaster

Recovery planactions to be taken

to restore full information processing operations

Test plansimulates various levels of disasters

and records ability to recover

Emergency plansteps to be taken

immediately after disaster

Backup planhow backup files and equipment

would be used to resume information

processing

Summary of Enterprise Computing

Special computing requirements present in an enterprise-sized organization

Special computing requirements present in an enterprise-sized organization

E-retailing and types of businesses that use e-commerce

E-retailing and types of businesses that use e-commerce

Complex hardware including SANs, RAID, and blade servers

Complex hardware including SANs, RAID, and blade servers

Requirements for enterprise hardware including high-availability,

scalability, and interoperability

Requirements for enterprise hardware including high-availability,

scalability, and interoperability

Backup procedures present in a large organization

Backup procedures present in a large organization

Chapter 12 Complete