chapter 12 europe: war and change. chapter 12 – europe: war and change section 4 – the russian...
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Chapter 12
Europe: War and Change
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and Change
Section 4 – The Russian Empire
Czar – An emperor in Russia Russian Revolution – The revolution that
ended the Russian monarchy. Monarchy – Power held by one person. Communism – An economy where the
government owns all basic and non-basic industry.
Alliance – A merging of efforts or interests creating allies.
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and Change*read about the Russian Revolution on
pages 318 - 322
Who were: 1. Ivan the Terrible 2. Peter the Great 3. Catherine the Great 4. Nicholas II
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and Change
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and Change
World War I
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and Change
World War II
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and Change
Section 1 – European Empires
Nationalism – Pride in one’s country Constitutional Monarchy – A government
that not only has a king or queen but is also governed by elected officials through a constitution.
Colony – A territory ruled by another nation Colonization – The act or process of
establishing a colony.
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and Change
Austria-Hungary – the largest empire in Eastern Europe which had a dual monarchy. A monarchy that rules two nations. This is where WWI begins!
Eastern and Western Europe have different economies….
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and Change
Section 2 – Europe at War and The Soviet Union
Alliance – A merging of efforts or interests creating allies.
Militarism - A policy in which military preparedness is of primary importance to a state.
Armistice – A temporary end to fighting, a truce Depression – The worldwide economic depression
from the late 1920s through the 1930s.
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and Change
Allied Powers: United Kingdom France Italy Russia United States
Central Powers: Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Germany Ottoman Empire
Alliances of WWI
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and Change
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and Change
Read pages 333 - 336
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and Change Armistice Day is the anniversary of the official end of
World War I, November 11, 1918. It commemorates the armistice signed between the Allies and Germany at Compiègne, France, for the cessation of hostilities on the Western Front, which took effect at eleven o'clock in the morning — the "eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month." While this official date to mark the end of the war reflects the ceasefire on the Western Front, hostilities continued in other regions, especially across the former Russian Empire and in parts of the old Ottoman Empire.
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and Change
Europe after WWI – At the end of WWI the European countries are in depression…no jobs, no work, no MONEY! The signing of the Treaty of Versailles makes life extremely difficult for Germany. Germany is to be punished for starting the war so they are to pay for EVERYTHING!
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and Change
Essential Question
What were the major causes and effects of WWI?
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and Change
WWII Dictator – An absolute ruler. Nazism - A form of socialism featuring
racism and expansionism. Fascism - A system of government marked
by centralization of authority under a dictator, stringent socioeconomic controls, suppression of the opposition through terror and censorship, and typically a policy of belligerent nationalism and racism.
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and Change
Holocaust - The genocide of European Jews and others by the Nazis during World War II
Concentration Camp - A camp where civilians, enemy aliens, political prisoners, and sometimes prisoners of war are detained and confined, typically under harsh conditions.
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and Change
Allied Powers: United Kingdom Soviet Union United States
France
The Axis Germany
Japan Italy
Alliances of WWII
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and Change
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and Change
Who were the leaders of the Allied and Axis powers during WWII?
Allied Powers: United Kingdom – Churchill
Soviet Union - Stalin United States – Roosevelt/Truman
France - ???
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and Change
The Axis Germany - Hitler
Japan – Hirohito/Tojo Italy - Mussolini
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and Change
Read Pages 336 – 338 Causes of WWII 1. WWI – German penalties 2. Germany builds military 3. Germany expansion and imperialism 4. Japan bombs Pearl Harbor Effects of WWII 1. Creation of the United Nations (UN) 2. United States and Soviet Union become Super
Powers 3. Cold War
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and Change
Yalta Conference Other nations gain great wealth at the
end of WWII…why? How do the United States and Russia
become the “Super Powers?” At the end of WWII the stage is set for
the cold war…why? Imperialism! Read pages 342-346
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and Change
Essential Questions
Where were the major causes and effects of World War II?
Describe the roles of key players (Hitler, Mussolini, Stalin, Churchill, Roosevelt,
Truman) during World War II.
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and Change
Section 3 – The Cold War
NATO – North Atlantic treaty Organization. Created to defend against Soviet aggression.
Warsaw Pact – The Soviet Union’s response to NATO
Cold War – Open yet restricted rivalry and hostility that developed after World War II between the U.S. and the Soviet Union and their respective allies.
Chapter 12 – Europe: War and Change
Iron Curtain - The former division between the communist nations of eastern Europe — the Eastern Bloc — and the noncommunist nations of western Europe coined by Winston Churchill
Berlin Wall Berlin Airlift