Chapter 12Growing andChanging

Lesson 2The Endocrine System

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Teacher’s notes are available in the notes section of this presentation.

hormonesChemical substances produced in certain glands that help to regulate the way your body functions

The system of glands throughout the body that regulate body functions

endocrinesystem

The process by which the body gets energy from food

metabolism

In this lesson, you will learn to

describe how the endocrine system affects growth and development.

identify two disorders of the endocrine system and how to treat them.

find information about managing diabetes..

Analyzing a Graphic

Use the diagram shown here

to create a concept map

about the endocrine system.

Fill in the map as you read

the lesson.

Parts of the Endocrine

System

Pancreas

Parts of the Endocrine System

Hormones are produced by the organs of the endocrine system.

hormones Chemical substances produced in certain glands that help to regulate the way your body functions

endocrine system The system of glands throughout the body that regulate body functions

Parts of the Endocrine System

Parathyroidgland

Adrenalgland

Ovaries(in female)

Testes(in male)

Pituitarygland

Thyroidgland

Pancreas

Glands and Hormones

Hormones act like chemical signals that tell your organs and tissues what to do.

For example, the pancreases makes the hormones insulin and glucagon, which regulate blood sugar.

Glands and Hormones

One major role of the endocrine system is to control the body’s metabolism.

metabolism The process by which the body gets energy from food

Metabolism is regulated by hormones made by the thyroid gland.

Diseases of the Endocrine System

If there are problems with one or more glands in the endocrine system, organs won’t function properly.

Diseases of the endocrine system can develop when either too much or too little of a hormone is produced.

Diabetes

Diabetes occurs when the body doesn’t produce enough of the hormone called insulin, or doesn’t respond properly to insulin that is produced.

Insulin lowers the amount of sugar in the blood.

Diabetes

Type 1 Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes

• Germ-fighting cells in the body attack the cells of the pancreas that produce insulin.

• The body doesn’t produce enough insulin and there is too much sugar in the blood.

• Treated with regular injections of insulin.

• Enough insulin is produced, but the body can’t use it properly.

• More common in people who are overweight.

• May result in infections and wounds that do not heal.

• Treated with a carefully managed diet and regular physical activitiy.

Thyroid Disease

Hypothyroidism Hyperthyroidism

• Thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough hormones to regulate metabolism.

• Can result in tiredness, feeling cold, dry skin, and weight gain.

• Can delay growth in teens.• Can be treated with replacement

hormones.

• Thyroid gland produces too many hormones, resulting in a very high metabolism.

• Can result in sweating, excessive eating, weight loss, tremors, and muscle weakness.

• Can be treated with medication.

What I Learned

Vocabulary What is metabolism?

Lesson 2 Review

What I Learned

List What are three functions of the hormonesproduced by the thyroid gland?

Lesson 2 Review

What I Learned

Explain How are type 1 and type 2 diabetes usuallytreated?

Lesson 2 Review

What I Learned

Explain How is hypothyroidism treated?

Lesson 2 Review

Thinking Critically

Infer Why might a disease that affects an endocrinegland have effects on other parts of the body?

Lesson 2 Review

Thinking Critically

Apply Some drugs are synthetic, or artificial, hormones.Why is it necessary to consult a doctor before takingthis kind of medication to treat a disease?

Lesson 2 Review

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End of

Chapter 12Growing andChanging

Lesson 2The Endocrine System

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