s.saterfield, 2006 1

Chapter 12

Prepared by S. SaterfieldFrom The Psychology of Prejudice and Discrimination, Whitley and Kite, 2006

Reducing Prejudice and Discrimination

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Changes within the individual ApproachesStereotype Suppression— replacing stereotypical thoughts with non-prejudiced thoughts

Self-regulation—people learn to recognize situational cues that alert them to possibly acting prejudice

Value confrontation—people are made aware of contradictions between egalitarian values and their prejudiced thoughts or behaviors

Individual Level Processes

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Changes within the individual Approaches

Stereotype Suppression— replacing stereotypical thoughts with non-prejudiced thoughts

Rebound EffectStereotype Rebound

Individual Level Processes

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Changes within the individual Approaches

Self-regulation—people learn to recognize situational cues that alert them to possibly acting prejudice

Replace the prejudiced response with an appropriate responsesDeveloping cues for the control of prejudiceUsing cues to control prejudiceAutomatic control of prejudice

Individual Level Processes

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Changes within the individual Approaches

Value confrontation—people are made aware of contradictions between egalitarian values and their prejudiced thoughts or behaviors

Calls peoples attention to the contradictions implied by placing a high value on freedom while placing low value on equality.

Individual Level Processes

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Longest standing approach –Intergroup contact theory

Contact between members of different groups can lead to a reduction of prejudice on both sides

Intergroup Contact

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Contact hypothesis:

Interaction between people changes their beliefs and feelings toward each other....thus, if only one had the opportunity to communicate with others and appreciate their way of life, understanding and reduction of prejudice would follow.

Intergroup Contact

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Conditions of Success for intergroup contact theory

To reduce prejudice—four conditions must be met Allport (1954)

1. Members of each group must have equal status

2. Groups must work cooperatively to achieve common goals

3. Situation must allow participants to get to know each other as individuals

4. Intergroup effort must have the support of authorities, law, or customs

Intergroup Contact

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Conditions of Success for intergroup contact theory

Equal status Cooperation Acquaintance potential Institutional Support

Intergroup Contact

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Effectiveness of Intergroup ContactTypes of changes produced

Reducing cognitive and emotional changes Reducing expectations of negative interaction Reducing intergroup anxiety Cognitive Dissonance

Limiting factors Meet all necessary conditions for successful

intergroup contact Limiting preexisting intergroup attitudes

Intergroup Contact

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Intergroup contact theory—three models

– Personalization model– Salient categorization model– Common group identity model

Intergroup Contact

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School Desegregation Cooperative Learning Multicultural and Anti-Bias

Education

Educational Interventions

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Affirmative Action

Valuing Diversity

Managing Diversity

Workplace Intervention

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Color Blindness

Multiculturalism

What Should Be Our Goal?

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Influencing Your Own Attitude

Influencing Other People’s Attitudes

What You Can Do To Reduce Prejudice