chapter 12 test review
DESCRIPTION
CHAPTER 12 TEST REVIEW. DNA, Protein Synthesis and Viruses. #2 Which Scientist(s)?. HINT 1: worked on finding DNA structure HINT 2: stole the Photo 51 HINT 3: also got Nobel Prize ANSWER: Maurice (the beast) Wilkins (G). #2 Which Scientist(s)?. HINT 1: worked on finding DNA structure - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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CHAPTER 12 TEST REVIEW
DNA, Protein Synthesis and Viruses
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#2 Which Scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: worked on finding DNA structure
• HINT 2: stole the Photo 51
• HINT 3: also got Nobel Prize
• ANSWER: Maurice (the beast) Wilkins (G)
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#2 Which Scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: worked on finding DNA structure
• HINT 2: used x-ray crystallography Photo 51
• HINT 3: a woman
• ANSWER: Rosalind Franklin (A)
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#2 Which Scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: worked on finding DNA structure• HINT 2: first put bases on outside instead of
inside• HINT 3: won Nobel prize for finding DNA
structure
• ANSWER: Watson and Crick (E)
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#2 Which Scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: Found DNA to be the genetic material
• HINT 2: used bacteriophages• HINT 3:used “hot” sulfur and
phosphorus
• ANSWER: Hershey and Chase (C)
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#2 Which scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: found DNA was genetic material
• HINT 2: separated bacteria into: carbos, DNA, protein, RNA by a centrifuge
• HINT 3: bald
• ANSWER: Avery (H)
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#3 Name ways RNA is different from DNA:
• 1. RNA = Ribose sugar instead of Deoxyribose in DNA
• 2. DNA A-T C-G RNA A-U C-G• 3. RNA= Single stranded instead of
Double in DNA• 4. RNA can go in and out of nucleus,
DNA must stay in nucleus• 5. DNA can repair itself, RNA cannot
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What three parts of DNA make up one nucleotide?
• ANSWER:–sugar
–Phosphate
–Nitrogenous base
(remember the song)
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EXTRA: What is the complementary side of this DNA strand? (DNA –
DNA)
• G - A - T - T - G - A - C - C - T - C - G – G• ANSWER:• C - T - A - A - C - T - G - G - A - G - C- C
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What is the complementary mRNA strand? (DNA – mRNA)
• G - A - T - T - G - A - C - C - T - C - G – G• ANSWER:• C - U - A - A - C - U - G - G - A - G - C- C
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#4 Identify the DNA parts:
A
B
C
D
E
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#4 Identify the DNA parts
A PHOSPHATE
B Deoxyribose Sugar
C Nitrogenous Bases (A-T-C-G)
D Hydrogen Bond
Nucleotide = sugar, phosphate, base
Covalent
bond
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#5 Which process?
• Does DNA copy itself?
• ANSWER: Replication (A)
• Is the movement of tRNA from A to P site on the ribosome?
• ANSWER: Translocation (B)
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#5 Which process?
• Codes DNA to mRNA?
• ANSWER? Transcription (C)
• Codes mRNA to tRNA and protein?
• ANSWER: Translation (D)
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#5 What happens at the P and A sites of a ribosome during
translation?
• A = amino acid is dropped off
• P = polypeptide builds
• Process is translocation (B)
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#6 Which enzyme?
• Unwinds DNA from its spiral
• ANSWER: Topoisomerase (B)
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#6 Which enzyme?
• Separates the 2 DNA strands (breaks H bonds for replication)
• ANSWER: Helicase (D)
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#6 Which enzyme?
• Adds nucleotides to DNA for elongation and also for proofreading
• ANSWER: DNA polymerase (C)
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#6 Which enzyme?
• Binds Okazaki fragments in the lagging strand
• ANSWER: Ligase (A)
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#6 Which enzyme?
• Adds RNA nucleotide primers
• ANSWER: Primase (E)
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#6 Which enzyme?
• Makes RNA’s
• ANSWER: RNA polymerase (G)
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#7 Which is a physical or chemical agent that causes mutations?
• A. mutagen
• B. mutagenesis
• C. mutation
• D. reading frame
• ANSWER: A mutagen
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#7 Which is any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA?
• A. Mutagenesis• B. mutation• C. mutagen• D. reading frame
• ANSWER: B mutation
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis
Uncontrolled HPV infections result in the growth of scaly macules and papules
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Tree Man Pictures
• Before and After Images : Tree Man : Discovery Health
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#7 Which is the triplet grouping (a mutation can alter it to shift)
• A. mutation
• B. mutagenesis
• C. mutagen
• D. reading frame
• ANSWER: D reading frame
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ADD What is a HOX gene?
They produce genes that share those that control:(WHICH)
A. eye development
B. Cancer
C. Body plan
D. hair development
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ADD What is a HOX gene?
They produce genes that share Body plan control
C
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#8 What are some examples of mutagens?
X-rays
UV Rays
pesticides
cigarettes
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#9 What is polyploidy?
N
2N
4N
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#9 What is polyploidy?
multiple sets of chromosomes
EX: 4N, 5N
Usually beneficial for plants
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#10 Operon (group of genes working together)
• Promoter (start)– latches on to the beginning enzyme
• Operator (controller)– attaches on to repressor, can stop or allow the protein production
• Repressor (brake)– binds to operator to stop production
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#10 Operon
• VCAC: Molecular Processes: Lac Operon: The Movie
• The lac Operon• HERE http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/007337797x/student_view0/chapter13/animation_quiz_-_the_tryptophan_repressor.html
• Lac Operon Animation (no sound)
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ALSO: What is NOT part of an operon?
• Operator
• Terminator
• Promoter
• Repressor
• ANSWER: terminator
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#11 What amino acid is mRNA codon:
UGU AAC UAC CGU GGG CAC UGG
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11. What amino acid is mRNA codon:
Cyst–Aspar –Tyros–Arg–Glyc-Hist-Trypt
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#12 What codon is the START CODON?
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12. What amino acid is START codon:
AUG
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#12 What are the three STOP CODONS?
• ANSWER? UAA, UAG, UGA
• (you could also figure this out by looking at the chart)
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What amino acid is mRNA codon:UGG
tryptophan
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# 12 How many?
• Different amino acids are there?
• ANSWER: 20
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#13 How many subunits make up a ribosome?
• A. one
• B. two
• C. Three
• D. Four
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13. ANSWER: Ribosome = two subunits
Made of rRNA (ribosomal) + protein
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#14 What are the 3 bases?
• A. Codon
• B. Anticodon
• C. Triplet
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#14 What are the 3 bases?
• A. Codon
• B. Anticodon
• C. Triplet
• For mRNA
• For tRNA
• For DNA
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What does a tRNA carry?
• A. codon
• B. triplet
• C. amino acid
• D. ribosome
• ANSWER: amino acid
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#15 Match:
• Introns
• Exons
• Are cut and discarded from the primary mRNA
• Leave the nucleus to be coded with tRNA
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15. What will the mature mRNA look like?
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What will the mRNA look like?
1 2 3
HINT: introns discarded
exons kept and coded
= mature mRNA
Just exons
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#15 What’s the difference?
• Between Primary mRNA and mature mRNA?
• Primary mRNA = introns + exons
• Mature mRNA = only exons
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#16 What are the 3 types of RNA?
• a) tRNA (transfer RNA-brings amino acids)
• b) mRNA (messenger RNA-codes from DNA), and
• c) rRNA (ribosomal RNA-structural part of ribosome)
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#16 Matching
• CHOICES: tRNA mRNA r RNA
• Structural form of ribosome • Codes DNA to mRNA• Brings amino acids to ribosome
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#16 Matching
• Structural form of ribosome rRNA
• Codes DNA to mRNA mRNA
• Brings amino acids to tRNA
ribosome
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#17 What are the structures?
(See worksheet)
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#18 What type of mutation is this?
• ORIGINAL: AACGTAGG
• MUTATION: AAACGTAGG
• ANSWER: insertion (A)
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#18 What type of mutation is this?
• ORIGINAL: AACGTAGG
• MUTATION: AACGAGG
• ANSWER: Deletion (T)
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#18 What type of mutation is this?
• ORIGINAL: AACGTAGG
• MUTATION: AACGGGAT
• ANSWER: Inversion (TAGG flipped)
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#18 What type of mutation is this?
• ORIGINAL 2 chromosomes• AACGTAGG• ATCGGGTCGGA
• MUTATION: AACGTATCGGG• TCGGAAGG
• ANSWER: Translocation (two nonhomologous chromosomes exchanged)
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ESSAYDNA: ATT CGG ACT TGA
• mRNAsequence?
• tRNAsequence?
• Amino acid sequence?
• (use mRNA codonson chart)
• UAA GCC UGA ACU
• AUU CGG ACU UGA
• Stop alan stop threo
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mRNA, ribosomes, and polypeptide chainsCOOL!
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ADD: A lysogenic infection:
• A. joins with the host DNA
• B. infects the host, but does not join the host DNA
• ANSWER: A
• Lytic infection infects the host, but does not join the host DNA