chapter 12 the presidency 12 the presidency created date 12/6/2016 6:50:11 pm
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 12: The Presidency
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Heads of State and Government
³ Head of State: Ceremonial Duties
³ Head of Government: Policy Making Authority Queen Elizabeth
David Cameron
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The Presidents
n Formal Requirements:• Must be 35 years old• Must have resided in U.S.
for 14 years• Natural born citizen
n Informal “Requirements”:
• White (except current President)
• Male• Protestant (except one)
n All manner of professions, but mostly political ones (former state governors, for example)
Youngest Youngest electedOnly Catholic
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The Presidents¤ Elections: The Normal
Road to the White House¥Once elected, the
president serves a term of four years.
¥In 1951, the 22nd
Amendment limited the number of terms to two.
¥Most Presidents have been elected to office.
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The Presidents§ Secession and
Impeachment§ The vice-President secedes if
the president leaves office due to death or resignation or convicted of impeachment
§ Impeachment is investigated by the House, tried by the Senate with the Chief Justice presiding.
§ Only two presidents have been impeached: A. Johnson & Clinton- neither was convicted.
resigned
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Incomplete Terms
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Constitutional Powersw National Security-
w Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces
w Make treaties with other nations
w Legislative-w Veto billsw State of the Union Address
w Administrative Nominationsw Judicial Nominationsw Inherent Powers
w Louisiana Purchase
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Informal Powersn Executive order—a presidential order that
has the force of law and does not require congressional approval
n Executive agreement—a presidential agreement with another country that does not require Senate approval
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The Executive Branchn The Vice President
n Few official constitutional duties
n Recent presidents have given their VPs important jobs
n The Cabinetn Presidential advisors,
not in Constitutionn Is made up of the
cabinet secretaries of the federal departments, confirmed by the Senate
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Running the Government:The Chief ExecutiveThe Executive Office
Made up of several policymaking and advisory bodiesThree principle groups: NSC, CEA, OMB
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Running the Government:The Chief Executive
The White House Officen The White House Staff
are the chief aides and staff for the president.
n They are chosen on the basis of their loyalty to the president
n Need not be confirmedn The national security
advisor is an example.
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First LadyNo official government position, but many get involved politicallyRecent ones focus on a single issue
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Presidential Leadership of Congress: The Politics of Shared Powers
§ Chief Legislatorn Veto: Sending a bill back to
Congress with the reasons for rejecting it. Can be overridden.
n Pocket Veto: Letting a bill die by not signing it in 10 days when Congress is adjourned.
n Line Item Veto: The ability to veto parts of a bill. Some state governors have it, but not the president. The president must sign or veto all of a bill.
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Signing Statementsn A signing statement is a written message
issued by the president upon signing a bill into law that states objectives to some of the provisions in the bill.
n They are not provided for in the Constitution.
n George W. Bush increased their use, and Obama has continued this trend.
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Presidential Leadership of Congress: The Politics of Shared PowersMandates• Perception that the voters
strongly support the president’s leadership and policies
• Mandates are infrequent, but presidents may claim a mandate anyway
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Power from the People:The Public Presidency
n Going Publicn Public support is perhaps
the greatest source of influence a president has.
n Presidential appearances are staged to get the public’s attention.
n As head of state, presidents often perform many ceremonial functions- which usually result in favorable press coverage.
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Approval Ratings
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Power from the People:The Public Presidency
n Presidential Approvaln Receives much effort by the White Housen Product of many factors: war, the
economy, the “honeymoon” periodn Changes can highlight good / bad
decisions
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Approval Ratings
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Presidential Leadership of Congress: The Politics of Shared Powers
n Legislative Skillsn Variety of forms: bargaining,
making personal appeals, consulting with Congress, setting priorities in the State of the Union address.
n Most important is bargaining with Congress.
n Presidents should use their “honeymoon” period
n Nation’s key agenda builder
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The President and National Security Policy
§ Chief Diplomat� Negotiates treaties with other
countries� Treaties must be ratified by the
Senate� Signs executive agreements to
take care of routine matters with other countries
� May negotiate for peace between other countries
� Leads U.S. allies in defense & economic issues
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The President and National Security Policy
n Commander in Chiefn Writers of the
Constitution wanted civilian control of the military
n Presidents often make important military decisions
n Presidents command a standing military and nuclear arsenal
n Presidents can deploy troops without congressional consent.
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The President and National Security Policy
n War Powers Resolutionn Constitution gives Congress
the power to declare war, but presidents can commit troops and equipment in conflicts
n War Powers Resolution requires the president to consult with Congress before sending troops, when possible
n It requires that Congress approve of any troop commitment beyond 30 days.
n Most presidents have ignored it.
n Supreme Court avoided it using the political questions doctrine.
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The President and National Security Policy n Crisis Manager
n The role the president plays can help or hurt the presidential image.
n With current technology, the president can act much faster than Congress to resolve a crisis.
n Working with Congressn President has lead role in
foreign affairs.n Presidents still have to
work with Congress for support and funding of foreign policies.
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The President and the Pressn Presidents and media are often
adversaries.n Many people in the White House
deal with the media, but the press secretary is the main contact person
n Media is often more interested in the person, not the policies
n News coverage has become more negative