chapter 13
TRANSCRIPT
Migration and IndustrializationChapter 13
Migration and Industrialization Photograph pages 406-407
““The West”The West”
Themes of Western Settlement The American Dream
Native Americans, White settlers, Immigrants
Cultural Diversity Cowboys
Economic Opportunity Western frontier, railroads
Women in America Played a crucial role in western settlement
Native Americans, Whites, and the West Great Plains Indians
Importance of horse and buffalo Horses better hunting/mobility Buffalo clothing, food, tepees,
tools Lived in communal family
groups Land was held in common, not
owned Hunting/gathering
White settlers Wanted to claim and own as much land as
possible in the West Mining
Filthy mining camps became boomtowns
Native Americans, Whites, and the West
The Government and Native Americans The government attempted to get tribal
treaties defining tribe boundaries Most tribes refused to sign the treaties
Sand Creek Massacre: U.S. military attacked a Cheyenne tribe that had previously surrendered and lived in peace
Custer’s Last Stand: George Armstrong Custer went to attack the Cheyenne at the Little Bighorn River Custer underestimated the number of natives Custer and his men were dead in 20 minutes American people were outraged by Custer’s
defeat and demanded revenge
The Government and Native Americans
Skeletal remains of horses in the battlefield one year after Custer’s Last Stand. (1877)
New tactics for forcing natives to surrender Killing the buffalo
Many tribes began to starve
The Government and Native Americans
Assimilation: Native Americans expected to give up ways of life and beliefs for white culture Dawes Act: split reservation land into a number
of acres given to individual natives Attempt to assimilate natives into white culture Never fully worked
The Government and Native Americans
Navajo children outside a Methodist mission. (~1905)
The Ghost Dance The dance was performed with the belief that the
white people would disappear and the buffalo would return Many white officers were frightened by the dance Attempted to arrest Sitting Bull (Sioux leader),
however a shootout occurred, resulting in the death of Sitting Bull
The Ghost Dance Battle of Wounded Knee:
A group of Sioux were taken to Wounded Knee camp and asked to hand over their weapons When the natives refused, the military men fired and
killed 300 of 350 natives
The Battle of Wounded Knee ended the era of Indian wars
American Migration Homestead Act (1862): 160 acres of land free
to anyone who would live on it and cultivate it for 5 years
Exodusters: African-Americans who moved from the South to Kansas after being freed
Pacific Railroad Act (1862): gave land and loans to railroad companies
American Migration Transcontinental Railroad
Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railroad Companies met in Utah in 1869 to complete the first trans. railroad
The Legend of the American CowboyChapter 13
Cowboys Original cowboys were Aztec prisoners of the
Spanish, as well as the Spanish ranchers All of what is known of the American cowboy
was heavily influenced by the Mexican ranchers Spurs, clothing (chaps, boots, etc), stirrups Language: rodeo, bronco, corral
The Cowboy American influence
Pointed toe of boots bandanna guns
Importance of the cowboy: demand for beef in cities
ship cattle on newly built railroads
page 391, “The Cowboy’s Life”
The End of the Wide Open West overgrazing natural disasters (drought, blizzards, etc) invention of barbed wire
led to the fencing off of the frontier
Populism – The People’s Party
Chapter 13
Development of Populism As a result of the hardships farmers faced
(weather, debt due to rising shipping costs, etc), they felt they needed some political representation
The Grange: a group of farmers who took action on the political reforms they wanted
Populist Party Populist (People’s) Party —formed to help lift
the burden of farmers and other workers
Populism Supported a number of reforms
Increase in the money supply Graduated income tax Federal loan program Elect U.S. senators by popular vote Secret ballot 8 hour workday and restrictions on immigration
Populist Ideas Free silver: a movement to
get U.S. money backed more by silver than gold
William Jennings Bryan
Populist Ideas Bimetallism: gold or silver given in exchange for
paper money There was more silver than gold, making more money More money=more expensive goods and services
Good for farmers, bad for consumers
Populism ended because many consumers feared the free silverites Goods would be more expensive
Legacies of Populism Showed that people could organize and have
political impact
And brought certain reforms to the limelight These are brought up again in the early 20th
century