chapter 13 cultural exchange and survival
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CHAPTER 13 Cultural Exchange and Survival . Contact and domination. Acculturation Westernization – influence of Western expansion on other societies Destruction, domination, resistance, survival, adaptation, and modification of local cultures may follow interethnic contact. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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CHAPTER 13Cultural Exchange and Survival
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Contact and domination
– Acculturation– Westernization – influence of Western
expansion on other societies– Destruction, domination, resistance, survival,
adaptation, and modification of local cultures may follow interethnic contact
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Development and environmentalism
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Religious change
– Religious proselytizing can promote ethnocide– Political ideology of a nation-state may oppose
traditional religion (e.g., Soviet empire)– Governments may also use their power to advance a
religion (e.g., Islam in Iran or Sudan)
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Antimodernism
– Antimodernism: rejection of the modern in favor of what is perceived as an earlier, purer, and better way of life
– Barber (1992, 1995) argues tribalism and globalism are the two key – and opposed – principles of our age
– In antimodern movements, social solidarity often is achieved through exclusion, separation, and opposition
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Resistance and survival
– Oppressed people always resist in some non-public way
– Methods of curbing resistance:• Hegemony• Convincing subordinates that they will eventually gain power• Isolating subordinates and supervising them closely
– Weapons of the Weak (Scott)
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Cultural imperialism
– Spread or advance of one culture at the expense of others, which it modifies, replaces, or destroys
• Mass media
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Making and remaking culture
– Popular culture– Indigenizing popular culture
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World system of images
• Electronic mass media can spread, and even help create, national and ethnic identities
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Transnational culture of consumption
• Contemporary global culture is driven by flows of people, technology, finance, information, and ideology
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People in motion
– Today, people are traveling more than ever
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Indigenous peoples
– Term and concept indigenous people gained legitimacy through international law
– Cultural Exchange and Survival– Essentialism
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Continuance of diversity
– Anthropology has crucial roles to play:• Promoting a more humanistic vision of social
change• Increasing respect for the value of human biological
and cultural diversity• Increasing understanding of similarities and
differences among humans throughout the world