Chapter 13 European Middle Ages

500 – 1200 A.D.Section 1: Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms

13.1 Vocabulary• Middle Ages -

• Franks -

• monastery -

• secular -

• Carolingian Dynasty -

• Charlemagne-

Era in European history following the fall of the Roman

Empire, lasting from about 500 to 1500—also called the

medieval period.People who settled in the Roman province of Gaul (roughly the

area now occupied by France) and established a great empire

during the Middle Ages. Religious community of men (called monks) who have given

up their possessions to devote themselves to a life of prayer

and worship.concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters.

a dynasty of Frankish rulers, lasting from A.D. 751 to 987

Charles the Great, Emperor of the Frankish kingdom from 771 to 814

Fall of Roman Empire Roman Empire divides into East and West in

year 395

East becomes Byzantium Justinian becomes Emperor in 527

Byzantine Empire collapses around 1100 A.D.

Middle Ages 500 – 1500 A.D.

Three Roots of Medieval Culture Classical heritage of

Rome Beliefs of Roman Catholic

Church Customs of Germanic

Tribes

What are the effects of multiple invasions?

Invasions of Western Europe

Effects of Invasions: Disruption of Trade Downfall of Cities Population changes Decline of Learning Loss of Common

Language

Germanic Kingdoms Emerge

The Roman catholic church survives invasions

The concept of government changes Family more important Smaller communities Unwritten rules Personal relationships important

Warriors lived with Kings It was a disgrace to outlive him

Clovis Rules the Franks Clovis brought Christianity in year 496

Battle convinced him to convert Asked for God’s help

United Franks into one kingdom

Germans Adopt Christianity

Church and Franks worked together to spread Christianity Many moved back into Rome

Church built religious communities : Monasteries Monks and Nuns lived there

Monasteries

An Empire Evolves After death of Clovis in 511, Charles Martel

takes control (Charles the Hammer)

He was not Emperor Gained more power than the King Extended the kingdom Defeated Muslims

Became Christian Hero

An Empire Evolves Charles Martel passed power to son Pepin

the Short Gained title “King by Grace of God” Began Carolingian Dynasty in 751 A.D.

Charlemagne Becomes Emperor Pepin died in 768

Frankish kingdom VERY strong Charlemagne took over after Pepin’s son

Carloman mysteriously died 771

Charlemagne Becomes Emperor Charlemagne extends empire

After helping the pope in Rome, he was crowned Roman Emperor He was not from Rome!

Charlemagne Leads Revival

Charlemagne managed his Empire very well

Encouraged learning Opened schools Encouraged monasteries to open schools for

future monks

Charlemagne dies in 814 Names only son Louis the Pious (The Fair) as

Emperor Not very good

Louis the Pious’ sons fought for power Divided empire into 3 parts Authority broke down

Quiz Next Class13.1 Vocabulary

• Middle Ages -

• Franks -

• monastery -

• secular -

• Carolingian Dynasty -

• Charlemagne-

Era in European history following the fall of the Roman

Empire, lasting from about 500 to 1500—also called the

medieval period.People who settled in the Roman province of Gaul (roughly the

area now occupied by France) and established a great empire

during the Middle Ages. Religious community of men (called monks) who have given

up their possessions to devote themselves to a life of prayer

and worship.concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters.

a dynasty of Frankish rulers, lasting from A.D. 751 to 987

Charles the Great, Emperor of the Frankish kingdom from 771 to 814

Chapter 13 European Middle Ages

500 – 1200 A.D.Section 2: Feudalism in Europe

13.2 Vocabulary lord-

fief-

vassal-

knight-

serf-

manor-

tithe-

in feudal Europe, a person who controlled land and could therefore grant estates to vassals.

an estate granted to a vassal by a lord under the feudal system in medieval Europe.

in feudal Europe, a person who received a grant of land from a lord in exchange for a pledge of loyalty and services. in medieval Europe, an armored warrior who fought on horseback.

a medieval peasant legally bound to live on a lord’s estate.

a lord’s estate in feudal Europe.

a family’s payment of one-tenth of its income to a church.

Invaders Attack Western Europe

Many invaders came from year 800-1000

Vikings invade from the North Also called Northmen or Norsemen Worshipped war like gods Nicknames like Eric Bloodaxe and

Thorfinn Skullsplitter

Invaders Attack Western Europe

Vikings used swords and heavy wooden shields Arrived on huge ships,

attack and leave Ships were huge Could travel in 3 feet of

water

Vikings stopped attacking after they accepted Christianity

warmer weather made farming easier

Viking Leif Ericson reached North America around year 500

Invaders Attack Western Europe

Magyars were a nomadic people attacked from East Rode horses Did not settle

Took captives to sell as slaves Muslims attacked from South

Conquered different areas

Invaders Attack Western Europe

Effects of invasions A lot of disorder and suffering Lived in constant fear and danger Kings could not effectively defend

Local rulers gained strength for defeating invaders

New Social Order: Feudalism

Feudalism:

A political and economic system of Europe based on the holding of all land in fief or fee … and characterized by homage, legal and military service of tenants, and penalty In exchange for military protection

a lord (land owner) granted land called fief.

The Person receiving fief was a vassal

=Vassal

= Serf

New Social Order: Feudalism

Social classes were well defined

You were born into your social class

Serfs were not slaves Could not leave the land Could not be bought or sold Everything they produced belonged

to lord

=Vassal

= Serf

Manors: The Economic Side of Feudalism

Manor = Lord’s Estate

Manor System: Lord provided serfs with housing,

farm land, and protection Serfs tended to land, cared for lords

animals, and maintained the estate All peasants owed the lord duties

Certain days of labor or amount of grain

Manors: The Economic Side of Feudalism

Manors were only a few square miles

20-30 families lived there

Self sufficient community

Manor life was hard Peasants paid many taxes Including tithe – church tax 10% of income A lot of working Life expectancy = 35 years old

Chapter 13 European Middle Ages

500 – 1200 A.D.Section 3: The Age of Chivalry

13.2 Vocabulary• chivalry

• tournament

• troubadour

1

2

3

Knights: Warriors on Horseback

Charles Martel organized armored horsemen called Knights

Technology: Saddle and stirrups Allowed soldiers to fight on

horses

Warrior’s trained all year Were given land

Knighthood and Code of Chivalry

Chivalry – Complex code of ideals A knight must fight bravely for 3

masters Feudal lord Heavenly lord His lady

Knights must be loyal, brave and courteous

A Knight’s Training Boys learned the code of chivalry early in

life

Age 7, sent off to another castle to learn fighting skills

Age 14, became a squire, or servant to a knight

Age 21, a squire became a knight

A young knight traveled for 2 years in search of wars and tournaments

Do not CopyMedieval Europe FeudalismDesign of Castle

Brutal Reality of Warfare

War was brutal

Hot oil, water or lead was poured on soldiers

Archers shot arrows to defend castle

Literature of Chivalry Many stories glorified castle life

Epic poetry – poems that retold stories, adventures

They wrote love poems and songs

Troubadours were traveling musicians

Women’s Role in Feudal Society

Noblewoman – Could own little land Could send knights to war Threw rocks and fire arrows at attackers

Peasant Woman – A lot of labor in home and fields Child care Young women learned house duties

Chapter 13 European Middle Ages

500 – 1200 A.D.Section 4: The Power of Church

13.4 Vocabulary • clergy

• sacrament

• canon law

• Holy Roman Empire

• lay investiture

The Far Reaching Authority of the

Church Church and European rulers

competed for power

Church had its own organization Pope

Clergy Bishop Priests

Feudalism divided many people

Religion unified them Being part of religious community

Law of the Church Canon Law

Marriage Religious practices

Consequences Excommunication Interdict - religious services would not be

performed

The Church and the Holy Roman Empire

Otto the Great was king of Germany in 936 Built up his power by forming

alliance with church Limited the power of nobles

Later invaded Italy on Pope’s behalf and was named emperor

German-Italian Empire became Holy Roman Empire Caused many problems

The Emperor Clashes with the Pope

Church not happy that the Emperor controlled the clergy Lay investiture – kings and nobles

appoint clergy 1075, Pope banned lay

invesiture

German Emperor Henry IV was upset Tried to force the pope to resign Emperor was excommunicated

Begged Pope for forgiveness to save throne

Showdown at Canossa King Henry went to meet the Pope The Pope forced Henry to wait outside for

3 days in the snow The Pope was forced to forgive

Successors to Pope and Emperor met Established Concordat of Worms

Treaty: Church could appoint Bishops

Emperor could veto

Disorder in the Empire King Fredrick is elected in 1152

Barabarossa

Aggressively invaded rich cities in Italy

Pope and Italian merchants formed alliance called Lombard League

Lombard league soldiers defeated King Fredrick Used crossbows against knights

Fredrick was forced to make peace

Chapter Test Monday!

Study Chapter 13