Chapter 13Section 1

Charlemagne Papal States Baron

5th Century Germanic tribes overrun the Romans

Disruption of trade Merchants face invasions, business collapses

Downfall of cities Cities abandoned as centers of administration

At the fall of the Roman Empire:

What advantages were there to living in cities as opposed to the country?

Population shifts Nobles retreat to

rural areas City dwellers flee

to countryside Grew their own

food Western Europe

becomes rural

• Germanic invaders could not read or write

• Learning declined as families moved to the country

• Priests and church officials were literate

• Few could read Greek works

• Germans no written language

• Germanic speaking mixed with Romans

• Latin changed• Different dialects

developed with new words and phrases

• 800’s, French, Spanish, and other roman based languages evolved from Latin

400-600 small Germanic kingdoms emerge

Concept of Government Changes Family ties personal

loyalty replace citizenship in a public state

Lived in small communities

Unwritten rules

Monasteries is a religious community

Men called monks devote lives to God

Women called nuns went to convents

520 Benedict Italian monk wrote strict rules

Scholastica (Benedicts sister) headed a convent under the same rules

Monasteries best educated communities

600-700’s Monks made beautiful copies of religious writings

Preserved Rome’s heritage

What did Gregory the Great do?

Used church revenues to raise armies, repair roads, help the poor

Negotiate peace treaty with the Lombard's

Italy to England, Spain to Germany his responsibility

Churchly kingdom ruled by a pope (Middle Ages)

Europe entered a period of political, social, and economic decline. Europeans fearful of invading Germanic tribes

Moved out of the city to the country Church/Pope gained significant power

with rise of Christianity

How are the Franks linked with Christianity?

Pope Leo III Walked up to Charlemagne – placed crown on

his head Charlemagne – 1st emperor in 300 years

Building an Empire By 800 – Franks had ruled most of Europe Caroliginians – Charlemagne’s family

most influential Frank family

700 major domo or mayor of the palace most powerful person

Charge of royal household and estates

719 Charles Martel 732 defeats

Muslims in the Battle of Tours

Charles Martel -Charlemagne’s grandfather Political adviser/war leader to

Frankish king Fought mostly against Muslim

invaders Pippin III – Charles Martel’s

son King – first of Carolingian family

to be king When he died, passed throne to

son - Charlemagne

Charlemagne= “Charles the Great”

Regarded as one of the most impt leaders in European history.

Incredible military leader He built alliances

with people that he conquered Built up land, army,

and people

-Papal States – region controlled by the pope

774 – Lombards attacked Papal States Pope Leo III called on

Charlemagne Charlemagne’s army

defeated Lombards Charlemagne became

king of Lombards and Franks

799 – Angry supporters of previous pope ran Leo

out of Rome Charlemagne escorted Leo back to Rome

Restored his power

Leo names Charlemagne Emperor of the Roman People Two reasons this is significant:

Restored Roman Empire Charlemagne backed by God

Empire so big = difficult to rule Aachen –

established as first Frankish capital/central gov’t built huge palace to

reflect his greatness

Charlemagne stayed in Aachen

Named counts to rule parts of the empire Counts bound by

oath Given huge tracts

of land in return Sent secret

inspectors to check on counts

If Counts good = rewarded

If counts bad = punished

All had to answer to Charlemagne

Education really impt to Charlemagne Wanted leaders to read and write Ordered Churches/Monks to start schools Invited notable scholars to teach and copy

texts Sent copies of books all over Europe

Then they were copied more

Wanted to spread Christianity Ordered conquered people to convert

or die Sent monks to teach conquered

people

Recorded laws on paper Enforced Christian teachings

Didn’t organize strong enough central government

Regional kings grew stronger and disrupted the unity

Charlemagne’s grandsons fought for throne Divided empire

into three parts