Chapter 13Chapter 13Section 2Section 2

Feudalism and the Feudalism and the

Manorial SystemManorial System

ReviewReview►Why did Clovis and his Merovingians Why did Clovis and his Merovingians

havehave the support of the church? the support of the church?►On Christmas Day of the year 800 On Christmas Day of the year 800

what did Pope Leo III declare what did Pope Leo III declare Charlemagne? Charlemagne?

►What were the schools that What were the schools that Charlemagne established based on?Charlemagne established based on?

►What was the agreement where What was the agreement where Lothair, Charles the Bald, Louis the Lothair, Charles the Bald, Louis the German agreed to divide the empire German agreed to divide the empire amongst themselves called?amongst themselves called?

FeudalismFeudalism► Within 100 years of Charlemagne's death organized Within 100 years of Charlemagne's death organized

government was all but gone in Europegovernment was all but gone in Europe► By the 900’s most were governed by small local By the 900’s most were governed by small local

independent leaders, most often local lords. The independent leaders, most often local lords. The political facet these leaders represented is known as political facet these leaders represented is known as feudalismfeudalism

► {Within the feudal system a powerful noble granted {Within the feudal system a powerful noble granted land called a land called a fieffief to a lesser noble called a to a lesser noble called a vassal}vassal}

► The vassal did not actually “own” the land but he would The vassal did not actually “own” the land but he would maintain the land for him and his household. In return maintain the land for him and his household. In return for the fief, the vassal promised loyalty and military for the fief, the vassal promised loyalty and military assistance to the landowner.assistance to the landowner.

► The vassal could further divide the land and grant it to The vassal could further divide the land and grant it to others if he so chose to. Making him a lordothers if he so chose to. Making him a lord

► {{The fief could be inherited by the vassal’s The fief could be inherited by the vassal’s eldest soneldest son in a system called in a system called primogenitureprimogeniture}}

► Of course, {the feudal system still gave most of the Of course, {the feudal system still gave most of the power to power to the king}the king}

structure of feudalismstructure of feudalism

Warfare and Feudal JusticeWarfare and Feudal Justice► Many wars were fought between lords and vassals. Many wars were fought between lords and vassals.

Sometimes they would be small conflicts, but often the Sometimes they would be small conflicts, but often the were large scale battles that could be very destructivewere large scale battles that could be very destructive

► Knights in the Middle Ages wore armor made of chain Knights in the Middle Ages wore armor made of chain mail and were heavily armed in battlemail and were heavily armed in battle

► The armor was so heavy the knights sometimes had to The armor was so heavy the knights sometimes had to be put onto their horses with cranesbe put onto their horses with cranes

► War had different effects on feudal society It was a time War had different effects on feudal society It was a time of glory and wealth for nobles but a time of hardship of glory and wealth for nobles but a time of hardship and suffering for most other peopleand suffering for most other people

► Feudal justice differed from Roman justice Feudal justice differed from Roman justice ► A feudal trial was decided in one of three ways: Trial by A feudal trial was decided in one of three ways: Trial by

battle (a duel), trial by oath (other people swore in battle (a duel), trial by oath (other people swore in court that the person they represented was telling the court that the person they represented was telling the truth) or trial by ordeal in which the accused had to truth) or trial by ordeal in which the accused had to carry a hot piece of iron then plunge his hand onto carry a hot piece of iron then plunge his hand onto boiling water boiling water oror he had to survive extended submersion he had to survive extended submersion in icy water. If the wounds healed quickly and well he in icy water. If the wounds healed quickly and well he was innocent. If not he was guilty.was innocent. If not he was guilty.

Chain mailChain mail

Trial by Oath & Trial by Trial by Oath & Trial by OrdealOrdeal

The Manorial SystemThe Manorial System

► {The economic system in the Middle Ages was {The economic system in the Middle Ages was ManorialismManorialism.}.} Manors were large estates that Manors were large estates that included manor houses, farm land, woodlands, included manor houses, farm land, woodlands, pastures, fields and villagespastures, fields and villages

►Generally a lord kept about 1/3 of the manor’s Generally a lord kept about 1/3 of the manor’s lands called the domain. Peasants farmed the lands called the domain. Peasants farmed the remaining 2/3 for themselvesremaining 2/3 for themselves. {In exchange . {In exchange they worked the lords lands, they worked the lords lands, gave some of gave some of their cropstheir crops to him} to him} and paid taxes. and paid taxes.

► {Manorial systems were very self-sufficient and {Manorial systems were very self-sufficient and reduced the need for cities or towns} reduced the need for cities or towns} Manors Manors produced everything they needed from tools to produced everything they needed from tools to food and clothesfood and clothes

Peasant life in the Manorial Peasant life in the Manorial SystemSystem

► Peasant life was hard because of long hours Peasant life was hard because of long hours and back-breaking workand back-breaking work

►Most peasants-or serfs- could not leave the Most peasants-or serfs- could not leave the land without the lords permissionland without the lords permission

► They also were not allowed to hunt on the They also were not allowed to hunt on the lords land and could rarely afford to buy lords land and could rarely afford to buy meat. Giving them a diet of bread, lentils meat. Giving them a diet of bread, lentils and vegetablesand vegetables

► They had short lived lives due to disease, They had short lived lives due to disease, starvation and frequent warfare.starvation and frequent warfare.

► Peasants often lived, worked and died in the Peasants often lived, worked and died in the village in which they had been bornvillage in which they had been born

Nobles Lifestyles in the Manorial Nobles Lifestyles in the Manorial SystemSystem

► The upper classes of the Middle Ages did not live The upper classes of the Middle Ages did not live in luxury or comfort by today’s standardsin luxury or comfort by today’s standards

► Castles were simple structures made of earth and Castles were simple structures made of earth and wood. It was not until later they were made of wood. It was not until later they were made of stonestone

► Castles were usually built on hills that would Castles were usually built on hills that would prevent easy attack. If it was built on flat land a prevent easy attack. If it was built on flat land a moat would be built around it for protectionmoat would be built around it for protection

► A lord depended on his wife and children for help. A lord depended on his wife and children for help. Through marriage a man acquired more land. Through marriage a man acquired more land. And through children the man acquired free laborAnd through children the man acquired free labor

ChivalryChivalry► By the late 1100’s By the late 1100’s {a code of behavior for knights {a code of behavior for knights

called called ChivalryChivalry}} brought changes to feudal society. brought changes to feudal society.► {To become a knight a boy had to belong to the {To become a knight a boy had to belong to the noble noble

classclass}} and had to pass two stages of training and had to pass two stages of training► The first stage began at the age of seven when the boy The first stage began at the age of seven when the boy

would serve as a knight’s page where he would learn would serve as a knight’s page where he would learn knightly manners and how to care for and use weaponsknightly manners and how to care for and use weapons

► Then as a teenager the boy became a squire. The Then as a teenager the boy became a squire. The knight would take the squire into battle when the knight would take the squire into battle when the knight thought he was ready. If the boy proved himself knight thought he was ready. If the boy proved himself to be skilled and courageous he would be knightedto be skilled and courageous he would be knighted

► Knights could be distinguished from one another by Knights could be distinguished from one another by their coat of arms- a graphic symbol that represented their coat of arms- a graphic symbol that represented his personal characteristics- that was stitched onto the his personal characteristics- that was stitched onto the knights shield, flag and /or his horses trappingsknights shield, flag and /or his horses trappings

► Coat of arms were passed down from one generation to Coat of arms were passed down from one generation to the next the next

Coat of ArmsCoat of Arms

Continued……Continued……

► According to the code of chivalry knights were According to the code of chivalry knights were required to be courageous in battle and to fight required to be courageous in battle and to fight fairly. If a knight used tricks and strategy to fairly. If a knight used tricks and strategy to overcome their opponent they were considered overcome their opponent they were considered a coward. He was required to treat his a coward. He was required to treat his conquered foes with dignityconquered foes with dignity

► A knight was expected to keep his word and be A knight was expected to keep his word and be loyal to his friends. To be courteous to women loyal to his friends. To be courteous to women and the less powerfuland the less powerful

► Chivalry did much to improve the crude Chivalry did much to improve the crude manners of early feudal lordsmanners of early feudal lords

Section ReviewSection Review►Within the feudal system a powerful noble Within the feudal system a powerful noble

granted land called a ____ to a lesser noblegranted land called a ____ to a lesser noble► The system where a fief could be inherited The system where a fief could be inherited

by the vassal’s eldest son by the vassal’s eldest son ►Who did the feudal system give most of the Who did the feudal system give most of the

power to?power to?► The economic system in the Middle Ages The economic system in the Middle Ages

was known as __________was known as __________► To become a knight a boy had to belong to To become a knight a boy had to belong to

what social class?what social class?► a code of behavior for knights called _______a code of behavior for knights called _______

The Knights who say Ni The Knights who say Ni