Chapter 14:

• Samuel F. B. Morse – • 1 – American Painter who reasoned electricity could travel

along wires and make it around the world

• 2 – invented the telegraph which is used to send messages across the wire

• 3 – developed Morse code which is the dot-dash communication system. (1840)

1. TELEGRAPH

2. Steam power and railroads made trade and travel much easier. Factories no longer had to be built by water.

John Deere’s steel plow

New Ways to Farm

New Inventions

Safety pinSewing machine

1860 – cotton was the chief export

3 Immigrants from Europe(Ireland and Germany)

1. Ireland2. Germany

Immigrants Face Resentment4. Nativists 5. Know-Nothing Party

The Southern EconomySoutherners prided themselves on their love of tradition.

• Huge plantations

• Needed a lot of workers - Used slave labor

Up the dome

Life in the South

Southern politics, society, and economy were greatly influenced by slave holders/wealthy plantation owners.

The 5 tiers of the Southern class structure:*Planters –

*yeomanry – *poor whites –

*free African Americans- *enslaved African Americans-

Classes of Southern Society:

Wealthy Planters: highest positions 6. Cottonocracy land/slaves badges of wealth and prestige

7. Yeomanry: farmers and ranchers—large part of population

many worked their own farms or had few slaves

8.Poor Whites: bottom of white society

lived in the “land of do without”

Free African Americans: about 200,000 in 1850

wear badges/live in separate areas

lived in fear

Enslaved Africans: most worked in fields/many worked in the

“big house”

9. Slave Codes – Southern legislature passed laws to control enslaved people

Violent Resistance• 10. Nat Turner’s Revolt

• Led an attack killing 57 people in 1831• He and others were caught, tried in court, and hanged.

Others resisted in many

small ways.