Chapter 14, Section 2Chapter 14, Section 2 Empire building in AfricaEmpire building in Africa

Section 1 Review (S.E.A.)Section 1 Review (S.E.A.) Empire system breaks down in Empire system breaks down in

Europe, so countries look to continue Europe, so countries look to continue abroadabroad

Raw goods and marketsRaw goods and markets GB – Singapore, Burma, etc.GB – Singapore, Burma, etc. France – Vietnam, Laos, CambodiaFrance – Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia USA – PhilippinesUSA – Philippines Direct vs. indirect ruleDirect vs. indirect rule

West AfricaWest Africa

Slave trade in past, but illegal by 1808Slave trade in past, but illegal by 1808 U.S. ConstitutionU.S. Constitution

• Needed the South, but couldn’t let this go on Needed the South, but couldn’t let this go on anymoreanymore

• Article 1 Section 9 - Limits on Congress The Migration or Importation of such Persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the Year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed on such Importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each Person.

West Africa (cont’d)West Africa (cont’d) Other kinds of trade on riseOther kinds of trade on rise Same principle as S.E.A. (markets/raw Same principle as S.E.A. (markets/raw

goods)goods)• Peanuts, timber, hides, oilPeanuts, timber, hides, oil

GB first in Sierra Leone, Nigeria (label)GB first in Sierra Leone, Nigeria (label) French in (French) W. Africa (label)French in (French) W. Africa (label)

North AfricaNorth Africa Egyptian independence from Ottoman Egyptian independence from Ottoman

Empire (label)Empire (label)• Muhammad AliMuhammad Ali• Suez Canal (label)Suez Canal (label)

British to India, Egypt becomes GB’s British to India, Egypt becomes GB’s protectorateprotectorate

Sudan to GB (label)Sudan to GB (label) France in Algeria and Morocco (label)France in Algeria and Morocco (label)

Central AfricaCentral Africa David Livingstone – explorer/cartographer David Livingstone – explorer/cartographer

= lost= lost Henry Stanley to findHenry Stanley to find H.S. encouraged Belgium to settle Congo H.S. encouraged Belgium to settle Congo

(Label)(Label) King Leopold IIKing Leopold II

East AfricaEast Africa GB & Germany (label) are African rivals GB & Germany (label) are African rivals

by 1885by 1885 Von Bismarck did it for political reasonsVon Bismarck did it for political reasons Berlin Conference (84/85) to sort it out Berlin Conference (84/85) to sort it out

without warwithout war Portugal gets Mozambique (label both)Portugal gets Mozambique (label both) Germany gets German East Africa (Label)Germany gets German East Africa (Label) GB gets British East Africa (label)GB gets British East Africa (label)

South AfricaSouth Africa 200k whites by 1865200k whites by 1865 Boers (Dutch) pushed N. by British, who Boers (Dutch) pushed N. by British, who

wanted to make a RR from South Africa wanted to make a RR from South Africa through Rhodesia/Bechuanaland(label)through Rhodesia/Bechuanaland(label)

Cecil Rhodes (expansion vs. Zulu and Cecil Rhodes (expansion vs. Zulu and Boers)Boers)

Boer WarBoer War

Colonial Rule in AfricaColonial Rule in Africa Only Liberia and Ethiopia still free (label)Only Liberia and Ethiopia still free (label) Total oppression, but indirect rule when Total oppression, but indirect rule when

possible (like in SEA)possible (like in SEA) French ruled directly through the French ruled directly through the

“Governor-General”“Governor-General”• AssimilationAssimilation

Rise of African NationalismRise of African Nationalism Remember – these are sand castles!Remember – these are sand castles! Step 1: EducationStep 1: Education Low salaries and slavery = people want Low salaries and slavery = people want

changechange Mixture of hope & resentmentMixture of hope & resentment Political parties start formingPolitical parties start forming

Chapter 14, Section 3Chapter 14, Section 3

British Rule In IndiaBritish Rule In India

The Sepoy MutinyThe Sepoy Mutiny British East India Company (BEIC), the British East India Company (BEIC), the

main trader, given right to rule colonymain trader, given right to rule colony Ruled with forts/soldiers from England, Ruled with forts/soldiers from England,

but also hired Indian soldiers – “sepoys”but also hired Indian soldiers – “sepoys” BEIC to start greasing bullets with BEIC to start greasing bullets with

cow/pig fat (sacred to Hindus/Muslims)cow/pig fat (sacred to Hindus/Muslims)

The Sepoy Mutiny (cont’d)The Sepoy Mutiny (cont’d) 1857 = Sepoys refuse, are arrested, then 1857 = Sepoys refuse, are arrested, then

rebelrebel Atrocities on both sides for about 1 yearAtrocities on both sides for about 1 year Result = BEIC power given to British Result = BEIC power given to British

govt., Queen Victoria now has all the govt., Queen Victoria now has all the power, Indian nationalismpower, Indian nationalism