Chapter 14&17: The Chapter 14&17: The Renaissance and ReformationRenaissance and Reformation

Mona Lisa

Essential Questions:Essential Questions:

1.1. What are the Crusades and how did What are the Crusades and how did they change Europe?they change Europe?

2.2. What is the Renaissance and how did What is the Renaissance and how did it impact modern western culture? it impact modern western culture?

3.3. How did England help to form the How did England help to form the Protestant Church?Protestant Church?

I. The Crusades- Leading to the Renaissance I. The Crusades- Leading to the Renaissance

• 1093-1300’s Church & European nations 1093-1300’s Church & European nations launched series of “holy wars” to regain launched series of “holy wars” to regain control of the “holy land,” Jerusalem from the control of the “holy land,” Jerusalem from the Muslims Muslims

• holy wars of Christians against Muslims were holy wars of Christians against Muslims were called called Crusades Crusades

• goals of the Crusaders were economic, goals of the Crusaders were economic, social, and political social, and political

• Crusaders were knights looking for fame, Crusaders were knights looking for fame, fortune, or adventure fortune, or adventure

• Crusades failed to capture Jerusalem but had Crusades failed to capture Jerusalem but had a dramatic effect on Europe a dramatic effect on Europe

The Crusades for the Holy Land The Crusades for the Holy Land

II. Effects of the Crusades II. Effects of the Crusades • during the Crusades 1000’s left during the Crusades 1000’s left

their homes- many serfs who were their homes- many serfs who were leaving for the 1leaving for the 1stst time- saw new time- saw new places had new experiences places had new experiences

• for those who stayed behind for those who stayed behind traditional roles had to be adjusted traditional roles had to be adjusted i.e. women take over running i.e. women take over running farms in absences of menfarms in absences of men

• Crusades weakened the power of Crusades weakened the power of Feudal lords and the Church Feudal lords and the Church

Effects of the Crusades… Effects of the Crusades…

• Ultimately the weakened Catholic Ultimately the weakened Catholic Church would be split over a Church would be split over a disagreement on who was popedisagreement on who was pope

• split is known as the split is known as the Great Schism Great Schism and would not be reconciled until 1417 and would not be reconciled until 1417 when Pope Martin V was elected when Pope Martin V was elected

• Weakening/altering of Medieval Weakening/altering of Medieval society opened the door to changes= society opened the door to changes= RenaissanceRenaissance

AssignmentAssignment

Turn to page 404 in your book and Turn to page 404 in your book and complete the Terms and Names (1-8) and complete the Terms and Names (1-8) and Main Ideas (9-18)Main Ideas (9-18)

When you finish you may begin your When you finish you may begin your Chapter 17 vocab. Chapter 17 vocab.

Section One: Italy, the Birthplace of Section One: Italy, the Birthplace of the Renaissance the Renaissance

III. The Renaissance III. The Renaissance • 1300-1600- Renaissance1300-1600- Renaissance- means - means

“rebirth,” movement started in Italy and “rebirth,” movement started in Italy and caused an explosion of creativity in art, caused an explosion of creativity in art, writing, and thought writing, and thought

• Wanted to revive past, bring back Wanted to revive past, bring back culture of classic Greece/Romeculture of classic Greece/Rome

• led to creation of a new European led to creation of a new European culture culture

• New styles of art/literature and a new New styles of art/literature and a new way of thinking way of thinking

A. The Renaissance Begins in Italian City-A. The Renaissance Begins in Italian City-StatesStates

• Crusades boosted trade, led to Crusades boosted trade, led to growth of large Italian city-states growth of large Italian city-states

• Italy became urban while rest of Italy became urban while rest of Europe mostly ruralEurope mostly rural

• Why would an urban setting be ideal Why would an urban setting be ideal for an intellectual revolution? for an intellectual revolution?

B. Merchants and the MediciB. Merchants and the Medici

• wealthy merchant class developed in each wealthy merchant class developed in each Italian city-state- merchants dominated politics Italian city-state- merchants dominated politics

• Florence, under the Florence, under the Medici familyMedici family, wealthy , wealthy banking family banking family

• belief in belief in individual achievementindividual achievement important during important during the Renaissancethe Renaissance

• patronspatrons of the arts— financial supporters of of the arts— financial supporters of artists, donated art to cities to be placed in artists, donated art to cities to be placed in town squares town squares

Catherine de Medici

• during the Middle during the Middle Ages the powerful Ages the powerful Church had looked Church had looked down on art and down on art and literatureliterature

• Educated ppl of the Educated ppl of the Renaissance wanted Renaissance wanted to return to the to return to the learning of Greeks learning of Greeks and Romansand Romans

C. Looking to Greece and RomeC. Looking to Greece and Rome

Looking to Greece and Rome Looking to Greece and Rome continued… continued…

• Achieved this by various means: Achieved this by various means:

1. Artists and scholars drew inspiration 1. Artists and scholars drew inspiration from Roman ruins that surrounded themfrom Roman ruins that surrounded them

2. Studied ancient Latin manuscripts that 2. Studied ancient Latin manuscripts that had been preserved in monasterieshad been preserved in monasteries

3. Christian scholars had fled to Rome 3. Christian scholars had fled to Rome with Greek manuscripts when the Turks with Greek manuscripts when the Turks conquered Constantinopleconquered Constantinople

IV. Classical and Worldly ValuesIV. Classical and Worldly Values

A. Classics lead to HumanismA. Classics lead to Humanism• Study of ancient Greek and Roman texts Study of ancient Greek and Roman texts

led to the dev of led to the dev of - - intellectual movement that focuses on intellectual movement that focuses on humanhuman potential and achievements potential and achievements instead of religion instead of religion

• Popularized the study of subjects Popularized the study of subjects common to Greeks and Romans, such as common to Greeks and Romans, such as history, literature, philosophy (called the history, literature, philosophy (called the humanities)humanities)

Humanism

• During Middle Ages ppl believed God During Middle Ages ppl believed God wanted them to live mediocre lives to wanted them to live mediocre lives to show their devotion show their devotion

• Humanists taught that ppl could Humanists taught that ppl could enjoyenjoy life life w/o offending God w/o offending God

• Ppl became Ppl became secularsecular— involved in worldly — involved in worldly matters rather than only spiritual onesmatters rather than only spiritual ones

Medieval vs. Renaissance ArtMedieval vs. Renaissance Art

B. The Renaissance ManB. The Renaissance Man• Renaissance taught that all educated ppl Renaissance taught that all educated ppl

should create artshould create art• Men who excelled in many areas of Men who excelled in many areas of

studies became known as a “Universal studies became known as a “Universal Man” later ages called them a Man” later ages called them a “Renaissance Man”“Renaissance Man”

• Castiglione wrote Castiglione wrote The CourtierThe Courtier that that taught how to be a Renaissance Mantaught how to be a Renaissance Man

• Must be well educated, should be able Must be well educated, should be able to dance, sing, play music, be able to to dance, sing, play music, be able to write poetry and be athleticwrite poetry and be athletic

C. The Renaissance WomenC. The Renaissance Women• Expected to inspire art rather than Expected to inspire art rather than

create itcreate it• Better educated than Middle Age Better educated than Middle Age

women, but over all not really involved women, but over all not really involved in societyin society

Da Vinci

Michelangelo

V. The Renaissance Revolutionizes ArtV. The Renaissance Revolutionizes Art

• Renaissance artists often portrayed Renaissance artists often portrayed religious subjects, but used a religious subjects, but used a realistic style copied from classical realistic style copied from classical Greek and Roman worksGreek and Roman works

• Painters used technique of Painters used technique of perspectiveperspective— show three — show three dimensions on a flat surfacedimensions on a flat surface

PerspectivePerspective

Medieval Art- flat

Raphael's “Marriage of the Virgin”

Renaissance ArtRenaissance Art

• Painted prominent citizensPainted prominent citizens• Sculptors also sculpted Sculptors also sculpted

natural postures and natural postures and expressions that revealed expressions that revealed subject’s personalitysubject’s personality

• DonatelloDonatello’s statue of ’s statue of David- first European David- first European sculpture of a large, free sculpture of a large, free standing statue since standing statue since ancient timesancient times

A. Realistic Painting and Sculpture

B. Leonardo, Renaissance Man B. Leonardo, Renaissance Man • Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci is known as is known as

the ultimate Renaissance Manthe ultimate Renaissance Man• a painter, sculptor, inventor, and a painter, sculptor, inventor, and

scientist scientist • filled notebooks w/ his filled notebooks w/ his

observations, inventions- including observations, inventions- including drawings for a helicopter! drawings for a helicopter!

• Da Vinci painted some of the most Da Vinci painted some of the most famous works in history- famous works in history- Mona Mona Lisa Lisa and and The Last SupperThe Last Supper

Leonardo da Vinci’s Works Leonardo da Vinci’s Works

Mona Lisa

More of Leonardo’s works…More of Leonardo’s works…

The Last Supper

Helicopter/airplane plans

Vitruvian man (1:1.6)

C. Raphael advances C. Raphael advances Realism Realism

• Another great Another great Renaissance artist is Renaissance artist is Raphael SanzioRaphael Sanzio

• Studied both Da Vinci Studied both Da Vinci and Michelangelo’s and Michelangelo’s works works

• Famous for his use of Famous for his use of perspective perspective

• Most famous work- Most famous work- The The School of AthensSchool of Athens

Raphael’s Raphael’s School of AthensSchool of Athens

D. Michelangelo D. Michelangelo • another great example of a another great example of a

Renaissance manRenaissance man• painter, sculptor, architect, painter, sculptor, architect,

and poet and poet • famous for his accurate famous for his accurate

portrayal of the human formportrayal of the human form• painted the famous mural on painted the famous mural on

the ceiling of the the ceiling of the Sistine Sistine ChapelChapel in the Vatican in the Vatican

The Sistine The Sistine Chapel of St. Chapel of St.

Peter’s BasilicaPeter’s Basilica

Scenes from the Sistine Chapel by Scenes from the Sistine Chapel by Michelangelo…Michelangelo…

The Creation of Adam (center of the Sistine chapel ceiling)

Sistine Chapel 360

Sculpture by Michelangelo Sculpture by Michelangelo

Pieta David

Compare and Contrast the two pieces of art Compare and Contrast the two pieces of art with a partnerwith a partner

First Selfie?First Selfie?

VI. Renaissance Writers Change LiteratureVI. Renaissance Writers Change Literature• Writers start to write in the Writers start to write in the

vernacularvernacular—their native language—their native language• Wrote for self-expression or to Wrote for self-expression or to

portray individuality of the subjectportray individuality of the subject

MachiavelliMachiavelli

A. Famous writers A. Famous writers PetrarchPetrarch- considered the father of - considered the father of

humanismhumanism BoccaccioBoccaccio is best known for writing the is best known for writing the

Decameron, Decameron, presents both tragic and presents both tragic and comic views of lifecomic views of life

Machiavelli-Machiavelli- author of the political author of the political guidebook called guidebook called The PrinceThe Prince. Examines . Examines how rulers can gain and keep power.how rulers can gain and keep power.

Vittoria ColonnaVittoria Colonna- female writer with great - female writer with great influence. Wrote poetry that expressed influence. Wrote poetry that expressed personal emotions. personal emotions.

Machiavelli- Machiavelli- The PrinceThe Prince (1513) (1513)

AssignmentAssignment

Turn to page 478-479 in your bookTurn to page 478-479 in your book Read the information about Read the information about

Renaissance Art Renaissance Art In your journal answer question #1 on In your journal answer question #1 on

page 479’s Connect to Today section page 479’s Connect to Today section

Section Two: The Northern Section Two: The Northern Renaissance Renaissance

William Shakespeare

I. The Northern Renaissance Begins I. The Northern Renaissance Begins

• 1400’s pop and cities of Northern Europe 1400’s pop and cities of Northern Europe rebuilt after plague/warrebuilt after plague/war

• Renaissance ideas able to spread to France, Renaissance ideas able to spread to France, England, Germany, and Flanders (Belgium) England, Germany, and Flanders (Belgium)

• European monarchs hired artists to decorate European monarchs hired artists to decorate their palaces/cities their palaces/cities

• Italian Renaissance ideas mingled w/ Italian Renaissance ideas mingled w/ European traditions to create a new European European traditions to create a new European Renaissance culture Renaissance culture

II. Artistic Ideas Spread II. Artistic Ideas Spread • Albrecht Durer, Albrecht Durer, German German

artist known for wood artist known for wood carvings and engravingscarvings and engravings

• Jan van Eyck-Jan van Eyck- Flemish Flemish painter who developed oil painter who developed oil painting painting

• painters of Northern painters of Northern Renaissance concerned Renaissance concerned w/ realismw/ realism

Jan van Eyck, Arnolfini Wedding

Flemish painter, Pieter Brueghel the Elder, Peasant Wedding

III. Writers of the Northern Renaissance III. Writers of the Northern Renaissance • disgusted w/ Christian Church’s failure disgusted w/ Christian Church’s failure

to inspire ppl to live Christian lives to inspire ppl to live Christian lives • new movement- new movement- Christian Christian

HumanismHumanism- focused on reforming - focused on reforming society through education society through education

• promoted education of boys promoted education of boys and and girls- girls- founded schools founded schools

• Erasmus Erasmus from Holland and from Holland and Sir Sir Thomas More Thomas More from England best from England best know Christian humanists: know Christian humanists:

1. Erasmus- 1. Erasmus- The Praise of FollyThe Praise of Folly, , made fun of folly in society. made fun of folly in society. Thought all ppl should study Thought all ppl should study the Bible the Bible

2. More- wanted to show a better 2. More- wanted to show a better model for society. Wrote model for society. Wrote Utopia Utopia (“no place”) - imaginary (“no place”) - imaginary land where greed, corruption, land where greed, corruption, and war have been eliminated- and war have been eliminated- a perfect place a perfect place

IV. The Elizabethan Age IV. The Elizabethan Age • Renaissance in England Renaissance in England

called called Elizabethan AgeElizabethan Age, , b/c of Queen Elizabeth I b/c of Queen Elizabeth I who encouraged dev. of who encouraged dev. of art/literature art/literature

• most famous artist of most famous artist of Elizabethan Age was a Elizabethan Age was a writer named writer named William William Shakespeare Shakespeare

• considered greatest considered greatest playwright of all time, playwright of all time, Shakespeare showed Shakespeare showed mastery of English language mastery of English language and deep understanding of and deep understanding of human nature human nature

• wrote in many different wrote in many different genres including…genres including…

• tragedies: tragedies: Macbeth, Hamlet, Macbeth, Hamlet, andand Romeo and Juliet, Romeo and Juliet, and…and…

• comedies: comedies: A Mid Summer A Mid Summer Night’s Dream Night’s Dream and and The The Taming of the ShrewTaming of the Shrew

V. Printing Spreads the Renaissance IdeasV. Printing Spreads the Renaissance Ideas• Chinese invented block printing & movable Chinese invented block printing & movable

type in 1045 but it was impractical type in 1045 but it was impractical • 13th century block printing reached 13th century block printing reached

Europe- here it would prove dramatically Europe- here it would prove dramatically useful w/ small alphabets of European useful w/ small alphabets of European languages languages

• 1440 1440 Johann Gutenberg,Johann Gutenberg, craftsman from craftsman from Germany invented the Germany invented the printing pressprinting press

• Gutenberg’s press made it possible to Gutenberg’s press made it possible to produce books quickly and cheaply produce books quickly and cheaply

• 1455 Gutenberg printed a complete Bible, the 1455 Gutenberg printed a complete Bible, the Gutenberg Bible was first full-sized book Gutenberg Bible was first full-sized book printed w/ movable type printed w/ movable type

Gutenberg Press Gutenberg Press

How would being able to produce books quickly and cheaply change society??

VI. The Legacy of the Renaissance VI. The Legacy of the Renaissance • inspired great artistic change & growthinspired great artistic change & growth• belief in individual achievement & value belief in individual achievement & value

lead to rise of democratic ideas lead to rise of democratic ideas • impact of printing press is immeasurable impact of printing press is immeasurable • Use your book to list in your journal a Use your book to list in your journal a

few of the most dramatic impacts of the few of the most dramatic impacts of the Renaissance in each of the following Renaissance in each of the following areas (p.485):areas (p.485):

Changes in the Arts:Changes in the Arts:

Changes in Society: Changes in Society:

Section Three: Luther Leads the Section Three: Luther Leads the Reformation Reformation

I. Causes of the ReformationI. Causes of the Reformation• Church leaders corrupt: many priests broke Church leaders corrupt: many priests broke

vows/married, drank to excess, one pope vows/married, drank to excess, one pope even admitted to fathering several children even admitted to fathering several children

• Renaissance ideas of individual Renaissance ideas of individual accomplishment challenged church authority accomplishment challenged church authority

• printing press spread these criticismsprinting press spread these criticisms• rulers began to challenge the Church’s role rulers began to challenge the Church’s role

in politics as well in politics as well • merchants resented paying church taxes merchants resented paying church taxes

II. Luther Challenges the ChurchII. Luther Challenges the ChurchA. 95 Theses A. 95 Theses

• Martin Luther,Martin Luther, German monk & teacher German monk & teacher• 1517 Luther took public stand against sale 1517 Luther took public stand against sale

of of indulgences- indulgences- a pardon for sin sold by a pardon for sin sold by Catholic Church Catholic Church

• Luther wrote Luther wrote 95 Theses, 95 Theses, formal statements, formal statements, attacking the sale of indulgences attacking the sale of indulgences

21. Therefore those preachers of indulgences are in 21. Therefore those preachers of indulgences are in error, who say that by theerror, who say that by the

pope's indulgences a man is freed from every pope's indulgences a man is freed from every penalty, and saved; penalty, and saved;

37. Every true Christian, whether living or dead, has 37. Every true Christian, whether living or dead, has part in all the blessings ofpart in all the blessings of

Christ and the Church; and this is granted him by Christ and the Church; and this is granted him by God, even without letters of pardon.God, even without letters of pardon.

• Oct. 31st, 1517- Oct. 31st, 1517- Luther nailed his 95 Luther nailed his 95 Theses to the church door in Wittenburg Theses to the church door in Wittenburg

• Someone copied the words and took Someone copied the words and took them to a printer- Luther’s ideas quickly them to a printer- Luther’s ideas quickly spread across Europe- spread across Europe-

• ReformationReformation had begun- a movement had begun- a movement to reform the Catholic Church to reform the Catholic Church

B. Luther’s teachings B. Luther’s teachings

- his teachings rested on three main - his teachings rested on three main ideas:ideas:

1. salvation through faith and not “good 1. salvation through faith and not “good works”works”

2. Church teachings based on Bible 2. Church teachings based on Bible

3. All ppl w/ faith are equal- do not 3. All ppl w/ faith are equal- do not need priests to interpret the Bible for need priests to interpret the Bible for you you

III. The Response to LutherIII. The Response to Luther A. The Pope and the Emperor Oppose Luther A. The Pope and the Emperor Oppose Luther

• Pope Leo X threatened to excommunicate Pope Leo X threatened to excommunicate Luther if he did not Luther if he did not recantrecant his statements his statements

• 1521-Luther put on trial for heresy in 1521-Luther put on trial for heresy in Worms, Germany told to recant his Worms, Germany told to recant his statements- he refused (p.490) statements- he refused (p.490)

Response to Luther Continued…Response to Luther Continued…

• The Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V The Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V issued issued Edict of Worms Edict of Worms making Luther an making Luther an outlaw and forbidding anyone to shelter him outlaw and forbidding anyone to shelter him

• German Prince, Frederick the Wise, hid German Prince, Frederick the Wise, hid Luther in his castle for a yearLuther in his castle for a year

• translated New Testament of Bible into translated New Testament of Bible into GermanGerman

B. Lutherans and Protestants B. Lutherans and Protestants • Luther’s followers, realizing the Catholic Luther’s followers, realizing the Catholic

Church was not going to reform, decided to Church was not going to reform, decided to form own branch of Christianity- called form own branch of Christianity- called themselves themselves Lutherans Lutherans

• Eventually supporters of Luther signed an Eventually supporters of Luther signed an agreement of protest against supporters of agreement of protest against supporters of the Catholic Church, protesters known as the Catholic Church, protesters known as ProtestantsProtestants

• This term would eventually refer to any This term would eventually refer to any Christian not a Catholic Christian not a Catholic

• Catholics, led by Charles V, launched Catholics, led by Charles V, launched a series of battles to bring Protestants a series of battles to bring Protestants back into Catholic Churchback into Catholic Church

• 1555, weary of fighting, Charles V 1555, weary of fighting, Charles V issued issued Peace of Augsburg Peace of Augsburg allowing allowing each ruler to decide religion of his each ruler to decide religion of his nation nation

Watch HC- “Luther Sparks a Revolution” or CCWH 218Watch HC- “Luther Sparks a Revolution” or CCWH 218

Turn to pg. 491- in your journal recreate Turn to pg. 491- in your journal recreate the diagram of the Division of Christianitythe diagram of the Division of Christianity

IV. England Becomes Protestant IV. England Becomes Protestant

A. King Henry VIII Wants an Heir A. King Henry VIII Wants an Heir - King Henry VIII of England devout King Henry VIII of England devout

Catholic Catholic - But Henry wanted a son and his wife, But Henry wanted a son and his wife,

Catherine of Aragon had only one Catherine of Aragon had only one daughter, Mary daughter, Mary

- Henry wanted to divorce her Henry wanted to divorce her

• Divorce forbidden in Catholic Church, but Divorce forbidden in Catholic Church, but Pope could Pope could annul, annul, or set aside, marriage if or set aside, marriage if he wanted he wanted

• pope refused to annul b/c Catherine was pope refused to annul b/c Catherine was niece of Holy Roman Emperor, Charles Vniece of Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V

• In response Henry called English In response Henry called English Parliament into session and asks them to Parliament into session and asks them to change England to Protestantchange England to Protestant

• Parliament issues Parliament issues Act of Supremacy Act of Supremacy making Henry head of Protestant Church of making Henry head of Protestant Church of England, allowing his divorce of Catherine England, allowing his divorce of Catherine

B. Consequences of Henry’s ChangesB. Consequences of Henry’s Changes• Henry went through another 5 wives to get Henry went through another 5 wives to get

his male heir: had one more daughter, his male heir: had one more daughter, Elizabeth, and finally his son, Edward Elizabeth, and finally his son, Edward

• After Henry’s death in 1547, each of his 3 After Henry’s death in 1547, each of his 3 children ruled England in turn- Edward, then children ruled England in turn- Edward, then Mary I, then Elizabeth IMary I, then Elizabeth I

6 Wives of Henry VIII 6 Wives of Henry VIII

• Edward was just 9 when he took throne, his Edward was just 9 when he took throne, his adult advisors were deeply Protestant and so adult advisors were deeply Protestant and so then was England then was England

• Edward died at age 15- Mary took throne and Edward died at age 15- Mary took throne and fought to return England to Catholic Church- fought to return England to Catholic Church- Bloody Mary, had many Protestants executed Bloody Mary, had many Protestants executed during her 5 year reign during her 5 year reign

• With Mary’s death, Elizabeth I With Mary’s death, Elizabeth I took throne and returned took throne and returned Protestant Church to power in Protestant Church to power in England England

• Elizabeth I set up Elizabeth I set up Anglican Anglican Church, Church, or Church of England or Church of England

• Anglican Church meant to be Anglican Church meant to be acceptable to both Catholics acceptable to both Catholics and Protestants- moderate and Protestants- moderate approach brought religious approach brought religious peace to England peace to England

Section Four: The Reformation Section Four: The Reformation Continues Continues

I. Calvin Continues the Reformation I. Calvin Continues the Reformation • Luther launched Reformation in Germany but it Luther launched Reformation in Germany but it

spread across Europe spread across Europe • 1536 1536 John Calvin, John Calvin, French protestant, published French protestant, published

summary of Protestant theology called summary of Protestant theology called Institutes Institutes of the Christian Religionof the Christian Religion

• explains doctrine of explains doctrine of predestination- predestination- claiming claiming that God has known from beginning of time who that God has known from beginning of time who would be saved (go to heaven) would be saved (go to heaven)

• branch of Christianity following Calvin’s branch of Christianity following Calvin’s teachings= teachings= Calvinism Calvinism

• Calvinists in Scotland were led by John Calvinists in Scotland were led by John Knox, called Knox, called PresbyteriansPresbyterians

II. The Catholic, or Counter ReformationII. The Catholic, or Counter Reformation• while Protestant churches won many while Protestant churches won many

followers, millions stayed loyal to Catholic followers, millions stayed loyal to Catholic Church Church

• those who remained loyal helped to start a those who remained loyal helped to start a movement to reform many problems w/in movement to reform many problems w/in Church= Church= Counter Reformation Counter Reformation or or Catholic Reformation- led by Catholic Reformation- led by Jesuits, Jesuits, (Society of Jesus)(Society of Jesus)

• Popes and Kings held Popes and Kings held Council of Trent Council of Trent to to help reform the Catholic Church help reform the Catholic Church

• Doctrines the Council agreed on: Doctrines the Council agreed on:

1. The Church’s interpretation of Bible is 1. The Church’s interpretation of Bible is finalfinal

2. Christians need faith 2. Christians need faith andand good works for good works for salvationsalvation

3. Bible 3. Bible andand church traditions are of equal church traditions are of equal importance importance

4. Indulgences were valid, but false sale of 4. Indulgences were valid, but false sale of them was bannedthem was banned

IV. Legacy of the Reformation IV. Legacy of the Reformation

• Turn to p 491 and copy the “division Turn to p 491 and copy the “division of Christianity” chartof Christianity” chart

• turn to pg. 500, under the diagram turn to pg. 500, under the diagram you just completed, list at least 5 you just completed, list at least 5 impacts the Reformation had on impacts the Reformation had on European society European society

Artwork Test ReviewArtwork Test Review

Artist: Donatello

Work: David

Artist: Da Vinci

Work: Mona Lisa

Artist: Da VinciWork: The Last Supper

Artist: Raphael Work: School of Athens

Artist: Michelangelo Work: Creation of Adam

Artist: Michelangelo

Work: David

Example Short Answer ?’s:Example Short Answer ?’s:

1.1. What are the Crusades and how did What are the Crusades and how did they change Europe?they change Europe?

2.2. What is the Renaissance and how What is the Renaissance and how did it impact modern western did it impact modern western culture? culture?

3.3. How did England help to form the How did England help to form the Protestant Church?Protestant Church?