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FRANCISCO, Ma. Francesca DL2ASN2

CHAPTER SUMMARY AND ANALYSISCHAPTER 15 : UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNDEREMPLOYMENT

SOUTH ASIAN COUNTRIES

o are c!arac"er#$e% &' #"s e("re)e *n%er*"#+#$a"#n

o +- aera/e *"0*" "!e +a&r rce &eca*se :

)*c! "!e +a&r rce #s #%+e, e#"!er c)0+e"e+' r

r a +ar/e 0ar" "!e %a', -ee, )n"! r a 'ear +- +a&r e3c#enc'

o ass*)e% " cns"#"*"e a reser#r *n"a00e% 0r%*c"#e

0"en"#a+ &eca*se "!e +ac %e)an% r -a/e

e)0+'ees, s)e )#/!" &e se+4e)0+'e% r are

ar)ers ASTE OF LA6OR #s c))n+' %#sc*sse% *n%er "!e "er)s

*ne)0+')en" an%7r *n%ere)0+')en"

UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNDEREMPLOYMENT

o are s*00se% " &e #n+*n"ar' an% "!e +- +a&r e3c#enc'

#s e0" r) a""en"#no re/ar%e% as a 0r#)ar' ca*se 0er"' #n "!e S*"! As#an

c*n"r#eso "!e +ar/e +*)e *n*se% r *n%er*"#+#$e% +a&r

0ssesse% &' "!e c*n"r#es #s "!*/!" " !ae a 0r%*c"#e

0"en"#a+ ca0a&+e crea"#n/ ca0#"a+ an% #ncreas#n/0r%*c"#n, "!ere&' )a#n/ 0ss#&+e !#/!er +ee+s #nc)e an% cns*)0"#n

THE SUPREME TAS8 OF PLANNIN9 IS TO ELIMINATE THE DRAIN IN

LA6OR RESEROIR OR THE UNEMPLYMENT ANDUNDEREMPLOYMENT

6ASIC PRO6LEM OF LA6OR UTILI;ATION :

o T!e 0r#%#n/ %e)an% an% -r 00r"*n#"#es r "!e

*ne)0+'e% an% *n%ere)0+'e% )asses.

PRACTICAL PRO6LEM :

o T %e#se -a's " e)0+' "!e +a&r rce )re *++'

T!e es"ern cnce0"s *ne)0+')en" an% *n%ere)0+')en"

#s "!a" IDLENESS, a&e "!e se" s"an%ar%s -r, -as#n+*n"ar' an% "!a" "!ere -as a reser#r +a&r "!a" c*+% &e"a00e% &' #ncreas#n/ %e)an% an% a*/)en"#n/ 00r"*n#"#es r-r.

D#3c*+"#es e(0er#ence% #n recr*#"#n/ +a&r as -e++ as "!e #e-

!e+% &' e)0+'ers an% /ern)en"s "a" ne- en"er0r#ses

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0r/ress " a &ac-ar% ecn)' /ae rce an% sanc"#n "0+#c#es "!a" #s ca++e% "!e MERCANTILISM.

FACTUAL 6AC89ROUND

o A00rac! /ern)en" an% e)0+'ers

o I" )*s" !ae see)e% " crres0n% " ac"*a+

c#rc*)s"ances an% " &e *n%e% n e(0er#ences A9RICULTURAL SECTOR

o COLONIAL TIMES

M*c! #%+eness #n "!e s"a/nan" an% "ra%#"#na+

ecn)', a)n/ se+4s*3c#en" a/r#c*+"*ra+#s"s an%a)n/ "!e #++a/e cra"s)en

TRADITIONAL &en" #s ++-e% "!*s #" #s cn%#"#ne%

&' POERTY #"se+ Pe0+e "en%e% " &e #%+e r )*c! -!a" -*+% &e a

nr)a+ -r#n/ %a' r) a es"ern 0#n" #e- T!e )asses -ere 0r &*" "!e' -ere n" ea/er "

#)0re "!e#r +" &' #ncreas#n/ "!e#r +" &' #ncreas#n/"!e#r +a&r #n0*" #n a/r#c*+"*re

THE COLONIAL THEORY

#"s )a#n "!e)e "!a" "!e na"#es= "en%enc'

"-ar% #%+eness an% #ne3c#enc'

re+*c"ance "!e na"#es= see -a/ee)0+')en"

o POST AR

as a 0r"es" a/a#ns" "!e %)#nan" "!er' "!e

c+n#a+ 0er#%

Une)0+')en" #ss*e ca)e " "!e cen"er es"ernecn)#c "!er' an% 0+ann#n/ a" a&*" "!e sa)e"#)e "!e S*"! As#an c*n"r#es /a#ne% "!e#r#n%e0en%ence an% c*+% s"ar" 0+ann#n/ r "!e#r -n%ee+0)en"

DIFFERENCE IN CLIMATE &eca)e a ca*se "!e +a&r

#n0*" an% #ne3c#enc' "!e S*"! As#an 00*+ar#"'

T!e 0s"4-ar a00rac! " "!e 0r&+e) *"#+#$a"#n #)0+#es a

n*)&er ass*)0"#ns a&*" ecn)#c an% sc#a+ ac"s "!a" area#r+' rea+#s"#c #n "!e es"ern -r+% &*" n" #n S*"! As#a, s)e -!#c! are as ++-s :

o T!a" +a&r #n0*" can &e %#sc*sse% 0r#)ar#+' as a >*an"#"'-#"! "!e +#""+e s0ec#?c a""en"#n " #"s >*a+#"'

o T!a" a +- a//re/a"e +a&r #n0*" can &e "rea"e% as

#n+*n"ar'o T!a" #%+e +a&r re0resen"e% &' *ne)0+')en" an%

*n%ere)0+')en" cns"#"*"es a rea%#+' aa#+a&+e +a&rs*00+' #n "!e sense "!a" "!e 0r#s#n -r

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00r"*n#"#es #s "!e )a#n cn%#"#n necessar' r "!ee+#)#na"#n #%+eness

En#rn)en"a+ cn%#"#ns 0resen" #n S*"! As#a :

C+#)a"#c ac"rs

L- n*"r#"#na+ an% !ea+"! +ee+s

Ins"#"*"#na+ cn%#"#ns A""#"*%es "!a" are )+%e% &' #ns"#"*"#ns, an%,

#n "*rn, re#nrce "!e)

T!e re+a"#e #))+#"' +a&r an% "!e /rea"

#)0erec"#n a++ )are"s an% "!e +a&r)are" #n 0ar"#c*+ar res*+"#n/ r) c+#)a"#cac"rs, +- n*"r#"#na+ an% !ea+"! +ee+s,#ns"#"*"#na+ cn%#"#ns an% a""#"*%es "!a" are)+%e% &' #ns"#"*"#ns, an%, #n "*rn, re#nrce"!e)

o T!a" #n "!e ecn)#c %#sc*ss#n 0+#"#ca+, a%)#n#s"ra"#e,

an% r/an#$a"#na+ 0r&+e)s can +ar/e+' &e &'0asse%o T!a" "!e /enera+ e(0+ana"#n r a#+*re #%+e +a&r " &e

a&sr&e% #n -r 00r"*n#"#es +#es #n %e?c#en" s*00+#es c)0+e)en"ar' ac"rs 0r%*c"#n

o An #ns*3c#enc' ca0#"a+ r) #n"erna+ sa#n/s an% re#/n

ca0#"a+ #n@-o T!e *ne)0+'e% an% *n%ere)0+'e% "/e"!er can &e

#e-e% as cns"#"*"#n/ n" n+' a +a&r resere, &*" a" "!esa)e "#)e a sa#n/s resere. T "!e e("en" "!a" "!e' can&e se" " -r -#"!*" #ncreas#n/ a//re/a"e cns*)0"#n,

an% "!e cs"s ar#s#n/ r) "!e#r e)0+')en" can &e !e+%%-n, "!e a//re/a"e +*)e #nes")en" can &e#ncrease% -#"!*" )a#n/ c+a#)s n "!e r/an#$e% ca0#"a+)are"

Pr%*c"##"' "!e +a&r rce can &e #ncrease% &' )eans a

!#/!er ""a+ +a&r #n0*" an% "!#s %e0en%s n :o T!e PARTICIPATION RATE, r "!a" 0r"#n "!e +a&r rce

nr)a++' 0err)#n/ s)e -r, a" +eas" -!en "!e -!+e'ear #s "aen #n" acc*n". T!e 0ar"#c#0a"#n ra"e #s +-er"!an ne eer'-!ere #n "!e -r+% &*", r ar#*s reasns,#" #s s"r##n/+' +- #n s)e S*"! As#an c*n"r#es

o T!e DURATION -r &' "!se 0ar"#c#0a"#n/, #n "er)s -ees an% )n"!s 0er 'ear, %a's 0er -ee an% !*rs 0er%a'.

T!e secn% )aBr ar#a&+e &es#%es "!e >*an"#"' +a&r #n0*" #s

aera/e *"0*" 0er *n#" +a&r *n#", %e0en%s n a n*)&er ac"rs :

o La&r e3c#enc'

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o Occ*0a"#na+ %#s"r#&*"#n "!e +a&r rce

o Na"*ra+ res*rces

o T!e +*)e ca0#"a+ res*rces an% "!e#r a++ca"#n

o Tec!n+/'

REACTION 7 ANALYSISo Une)0+')en" an% *n%ere)0+')en" are B*s" "- "!e

cn"r#&*"rs 0er"'. T!e )s" c))n reasns -!'*ne)0+')en" an% *n%ere)0+')en" #s 0resen" #s&eca*se "!e er 00*+a"#n, "!e +ac B&00r"*n#"#es an% s n. 6*" ne reasn -*+% n"nr)a++' &e 0ar" "!e reasns ne 0ersn -*+% &es"a"#n/ an% "!a" -*+% &e "!e CLIMATE a c*n"r'. T!#sB*s" ca)e " )e "!a" c+#)a"e %es a