chapter 15 chemical compounds
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Chapter 15 Chemical Compounds. Ionic compounds have ionic bonds between opposite charges (ions). Covalent compounds have covalent bonds (sharing electrons)and consist of particles called molecules. Properties of Acids :. Produce hydrogen ions (H + ) in water. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Chapter 15 Chemical Compounds](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033012/568161f7550346895dd22366/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 15Chemical Compounds
•Ionic compounds have ionic bonds between opposite charges (ions).•Covalent compounds have covalent bonds (sharing electrons)and consist of particles called molecules.
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PropertyIonic
compoundsCovalent
compounds
Brittleness
Melting point
Solubility in H2O
Electrical conductivity
![Page 3: Chapter 15 Chemical Compounds](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033012/568161f7550346895dd22366/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
PropertyIonic
compoundsCovalent
compounds
Brittleness Very brittle
Melting point
Solubility in H2O
Electrical conductivity
![Page 4: Chapter 15 Chemical Compounds](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033012/568161f7550346895dd22366/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
PropertyIonic
compoundsCovalent
compounds
Brittleness Very brittle
Melting point High melting point
Solubility in H2O
Electrical conductivity
![Page 5: Chapter 15 Chemical Compounds](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033012/568161f7550346895dd22366/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
PropertyIonic
compoundsCovalent
compounds
Brittleness Very brittle
Melting point High melting point
Solubility in H2O
High solubility
Electrical conductivity
![Page 6: Chapter 15 Chemical Compounds](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033012/568161f7550346895dd22366/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
PropertyIonic
compoundsCovalent
compounds
Brittleness Very brittle
Melting point High melting point
Solubility in H2O
High solubility
Electrical conductivity Good conductors
![Page 7: Chapter 15 Chemical Compounds](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033012/568161f7550346895dd22366/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
PropertyIonic
compoundsCovalent
compounds
Brittleness Very brittle
Melting point High melting point Low melting point
Solubility in H2O
High solubility
Electrical conductivity Good conductors
![Page 8: Chapter 15 Chemical Compounds](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033012/568161f7550346895dd22366/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
PropertyIonic
compoundsCovalent
compounds
Brittleness Very brittle
Melting point High melting point Low melting point
Solubility in H2O
High solubility Low solubility
Electrical conductivity Good conductors
![Page 9: Chapter 15 Chemical Compounds](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033012/568161f7550346895dd22366/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
PropertyIonic
compoundsCovalent
compounds
Brittleness Very brittle
Melting point High melting point Low melting point
Solubility in H2O
High solubility Low solubility
Electrical conductivity Good conductors Poor conductors
![Page 10: Chapter 15 Chemical Compounds](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033012/568161f7550346895dd22366/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Properties of Acids:
• Produce hydrogen ions (H+) in water.– The H+ ion makes hydronium ion (H30+) with a
water molecule.
• Taste sour.• React with metals and carbonates (CO3).• Turns blue litmus paper red.– Litmus paper is paper treated with an indicator.
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An indicator is a compound that changes color when in contact with an acid or a base.• Examples:–Litmus paper (red litmus paper, blue
litmus paper, pH paper)–Phenol red solution–Red cabbage juice
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Strength of acids:• Not based just on concentrations!
Strong acids Weak acids
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Strength of acids:• Not based just on concentrations!
Strong acids Weak acids
All molecules break apart into
ions(or “dissociate”)
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Strength of acids:• Not based just on concentrations!
Strong acids Weak acids
All molecules break apart into
ions(or “dissociate”)
Few molecules break apart
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Examples of acids:
Strong acids• hydrochloric
HCl• sulfuric
H2SO4
• nitric
Weak acids• acetic (in vinegar)• citric (citrus fruits)• carbonic
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Properties of a Base:
• Make Hydroxide ions (OH-) in water.• Taste bitter.• Feels slippery.• Does not react with carbonates.• Turns red litmus paper blue.–Think “b” base turns blue
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Strength of a base:NaOH Na+ + OH-
Strong base Weak base
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Strength of a base:NaOH Na+ + OH-
Strong base Weak base
All molecules break apart into ions
(or “dissociate”)
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Strength of a base:NaOH Na+ + OH-
Strong base Weak base
All molecules break apart into ions
(or “dissociate”)
Few molecules break apart
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Examples of bases:Strong bases• Sodium hydroxide
NaOH• Calcium hydroxide
CaOH• Potassium hydroxide
KOH
Weak bases• Ammonium hydroxide• Aluminum hydroxide
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The pH scale
• Ranges from 0 to 14 (see pg 429)
• Expresses the concentration of hydrogen (H+) ions in a solution;
• Low pH means high concentration of H+ (strong acid);
• High pH means low concentration of H+ (strong base or alkaline)
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pH values for common household chemicals
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pH scale
Where are the strong acids?
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pH values for common household chemicals
Where are the strong acids?
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pH is important to living organisms!
Where are the strong acids?
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pH Scale and Indicatorsvideo:
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A neutralization reaction is between an acid and a base, and always produces water and a salt. HCl + KOH H2O + KCl
hydrochloric potassium water potassium acid hydroxide chloride
(a salt!)
A salt is an ionic compound (like Na+Cl-).