chapter 15. monetary policy link to syllabus we may look briefly at the appendix of this chapter....
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Chapter 15. Monetary Policy
Link to syllabus
We may look briefly at the Appendix of this chapter.
and Monetarism, pp. 532-34
The Money Demand Curve, Figure 15-1 p. 450.
Demand for money depends on nominal income, banking technology, government regulations, opportunity cost of holding money.
Fig 15-3, p. 454. Equilibrium in the Money Market
Fig 15-4 p. 455. The Effect on the Interest Rate of an Increase in the Money Supply
Figure 15-7 p. 459. Monetary Policy and AD
Reserve Requirements 2006.
(different textbook)
The Fed Reverses Course (in 2007). Fig. 15-6, p. 497
Tightening monetary policy until late 2006, rapid expansion in late 2007. It’s stayed there since.
The prime interest rate and the Federal funds rate
Link to data from the Minneapolis Fed
NY Times March 19, 2008
Yields on CD’s at my
bank, March 2007
More Yield Curves
Link to Dynamic Yield Curve
http://stockcharts.com/charts/YieldCurve.html
Tracking Monetary Policy. Figure 15-8, p. 460.
Fig 15-9, p. 461. Taylor Rule and Federal Funds Rate
Taylor Rule: Federal Funds R=2.07 + 1.28* inflation – 1.95 * Unemp.gap. p. 460
Taylor Rule: interest rate = 1 + 1.5*inflation + 0.5 (Output gap) [previous edition p. 429]
Short Run and Long Run Effects of an Increase in M Figure 15-11, p. 464
The Long Run Determination of the Interest Rate. Figure 15-12 p. 466
The Long Relation between Money and Inflation. Figure 15-13 p. 467
Short Run Determination of the Interest Rate: Liquidity Preference and Loanable Funds
Figure 15a-1, page 473
From the Appendix: shows that the two models give consistent answers.Pursuit of this topic is for upper division courses. Not covered in Ec 201.
Monetarism (pages 532-34)
Milton Friedman, 1912-2006
Consumption function, Floating Exchange Rates, Monetary History of the U.S., Monetary Policy RuleLink to Friedman’s bio http://www.hoover.org/bios/friedman
Most prominent advocate ofa return to free market/non-governmental policies.
Influence concretized underPresident Reagan.
Also: leading ‘monetarist’ anda Nobel Prize winner.
Figure 18.4 page 533 Fiscal Policy with a Fixed Money Supply: (Crowding out analysis, repeated)
Equation of Exchange, a.k.a. Velocity equation
M x V = P x Y
where M is the quantity of money,V is velocity of circulationP is the price indexY is real GDP
(Equation 18-1 page 533)
Implication: If M increases and V and Y are constant, then P rises.
“Inflation is always and everywhere a monetary phenomenon.”
Figure 18.5 page 534. The Velocity of Money (M1)
Comparisons of Velocities of M
DifferentText.
Monetary Growth Rule i
Monetary Growth Rule ii
“If monetary policy is like driving a car, then the car is one that has an unreliable speedometer, a foggy windshield and a tendency to respond unpredictably.“
Ben Bernanke. 2002 – pre-Fed days.