Chapter 15Section 3

The War in the West

Battle of Shiloh

Siege of Vicksburg

Battle of ShilohConfederate Gen. Johnston

Union Gen. Grant

Two day battle… over 23,000 casualties

Battle of Shiloh• Grant waits for the reinforcements from

Army of Ohio. He camps near Shiloh Church and a large rebel army led by Gen. Johnston.

• April 6, 1862 Johnston attacks.

Battle of Shiloh• Confederates win first day. Union wins

second day, thanks to reinforcements, forcing Confederates back into Mississippi.

• There were US 13,047 Union casualties

• There were CS 10,699 Confederate casualties - including Johnston

Fall of New Orleans

• U.S. Navy moved upriver to meet Grant, who was moving down the Mississippi.

• First obstacle was the port of New Orleans—largest Confederate city and gateway to the Mississippi.

Fall of New Orleans• Fleet under Admiral David Farragut

captured New Orleans in April 1862.

• He then took Baton Rouge, LA

and Natchez, MS.

Siege of VicksburgMid-May to July 4, 1863

“The fate of the Confederacy was sealed when Vicksburg fell”- Grant

Siege of Vicksburg• Farragut ordered surrender of strategic

Vicksburg, Mississippi, in May 1863.

• Location on 200-foot-high cliffs above the Mississippi made invasion nearly impossible.

• Grant decided to starve the city into surrender; began Siege of Vicksburg in mid-May.

• Facing starvation, city surrendered on July 4, 1863.

Struggle for Far West• Union halted attempts by

Confederate armies to control lands west of the MS in CO and AR in 1861.

• Confederates failed to take border state of MO, losing Battle of Pea Ridge in 1862.

– Cherokee Indians aided the Confederates, hoping that they would give them greater freedom.

The War in the WestStrategies

• Union holds its ground, despite surprise attack.

Implications

• Gave Union greater control of the Mississippi River valley

Battle of Shiloh

Siege of Vicksburg

Battle of Pea Ridge

• Union attacked southern forces at Jackson, obliterating Vicksburg’s reinforcements.

• Fought to protect Union forts in the Midwest.

• Gave the Union total control of the Mississippi River, cutting off the western states (AK, LA, TX)

• Gave the Union control over Missouri