chapter 15, section 4 secession and war. election of 1860 the northern democrats nominated stephen...
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Chapter 15, Section 4
Secession and War
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Election of 1860
The Northern Democrats nominated Stephen Douglas
The Southern Democrats nominated John C. Breckinridge, who supported the Dred Scott Decision
The Constitutional Union Party nominated John Bell
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Lincoln Nominated/Elected
The Republicans nominated Abraham Lincoln Their platform was that slavery should be left
undisturbed where it existed, but should not spread into new territories
With the Democrats divided, Lincoln won a clear majority of electoral votes
The vote was along sectional lines Lincoln’s name didn’t even appear on the ballot
in many Southern states
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The South Secedes
Many people in the South didn’t trust that the Republicans would allow slavery to remain where it already existed
On December 20, 1860, South Carolina held a convention and voted to secede
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Attempt at Compromise
Senator John Crittenden offered a last-minute compromise, proposing a series of amendments to the constitution
Central to his plan was a provision to protect slavery under the 36 30 North Compromise Line
The Republicans found this unacceptable because they had just won an election based on the principle that slavery should not extend into any new territories
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The Confederacy
The Confederate States of America was formed in February 1861 and Jefferson Davis was chosen as their president
It included Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, and Georgia.
They felt that “states’ rights” gave them the right to secede.
The national government had refused to enforce the Fugitive Slave Law
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Reactions to Secession
Most Southerners were thrilled but others were worried
Some Northern abolitionists were happy to see the South go!
Most Northerners agreed that the Union must be preserved.
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Presidential Responses
Buchanan sent a message to Congress saying that the Southern states had no right to secede, but he had no power in stopping them from doing so
North Carolina, Kentucky, Tennessee, Missouri and Arkansas were the remaining slave states
They threatened to secede if the US used force against the Confederate States
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Fort Sumter
On the day after his inauguration, Lincoln received word that Fort Sumter, a federal fort that was captured by the Confederacy, was low on supplies and that the Confederates demanded their surrender
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The War Begins
Lincoln ordered an unarmed expedition to South Carolina to replenish the fort
He said that it would be up to the Confederacy to fire the first shot
Confederate president Jefferson Davis ordered their forces to attack Fort Sumter
They opened fire on April 12th, 1861. Thousands of shots were fired, but no one was
killed The Civil War had just begun.
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