Chapter 15Chapter 15

The Rock and Fossil The Rock and Fossil RecordRecord

Choose the right answer!Choose the right answer!

Which Process is Which Process is responsible for responsible for increasing increasing dissolved carbon dioxide dissolved carbon dioxide levels in the oceans?levels in the oceans?

A. RespirationA. Respiration

B. PhotosynthesisB. Photosynthesis

C. UpwellingC. Upwelling

D. Preserving EstuariesD. Preserving Estuaries

In what pH range are In what pH range are most aquatic most aquatic organisms organisms most likely most likely to remain healthy?to remain healthy? A. 2.0 to 4.0A. 2.0 to 4.0 B. 3.0 to 5.0B. 3.0 to 5.0 C. 7.0 to 8.5C. 7.0 to 8.5 D. 8.5 to 10.5D. 8.5 to 10.5

A farmer observes that a A farmer observes that a nearby pond has an nearby pond has an overgrowth of algae. Which overgrowth of algae. Which condition is condition is most likely most likely to be to be present in the pond. present in the pond. A. The water is more acidic A. The water is more acidic

than normal.than normal. B. The water contains B. The water contains

increased levels of fertilizers increased levels of fertilizers and other nutrientsand other nutrients

C. The water has low C. The water has low turbidityturbidity

D. The water has a low D. The water has a low nitrate level.nitrate level.

What is the main point of What is the main point of water quality standards set water quality standards set by states and the federal by states and the federal government?government? A. To make sure water A. To make sure water

remains clean and safe for remains clean and safe for useuse

B. To create new bodies B. To create new bodies of water from wastewaterof water from wastewater

C. To reduce the number C. To reduce the number of oil spills from tankersof oil spills from tankers

D. To ensure that all D. To ensure that all wastewater undergoes the wastewater undergoes the same treatment processsame treatment process

Earth’s StoryEarth’s Story

How do mountains form?How do mountains form? How is new rock formed?How is new rock formed? 250 years ago these 250 years ago these

questions were being asked questions were being asked and researched.and researched.

James HuttonJames Hutton

Theory of the EarthTheory of the Earth The key to understanding Earth’s The key to understanding Earth’s

history is all around us…history is all around us… UniformitarianismUniformitarianism-the same -the same

geologic processes shaping the geologic processes shaping the Earth today have been at work Earth today have been at work throughout Earth’s historythroughout Earth’s history

Uniformitarianism vs. Uniformitarianism vs. CatastrophismCatastrophism

Geologic processes Geologic processes take millions of take millions of years.years.

Catastrophism-Catastrophism-principle that states principle that states that all geologic that all geologic change occurs change occurs suddenly.suddenly.

Catastrophes?Catastrophes?

http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/darwin/images/exhibit/gallery/md/huttons_unconformity.jpg

Charles LyellCharles Lyell

Principles of Principles of Geology (1830-Geology (1830-1833)1833)

Challenged the Challenged the principles of principles of catastrophismcatastrophism

Geologic change Geologic change happens gradually.happens gradually.

http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/precursors/precurstrans.html

Modern GeologyModern Geology

Geology Geology through a through a happy mediumhappy medium

Evidence Evidence through through craters and craters and recreationsrecreations

http://news.bbc.co.uk/olmedia/1765000/images/_1768618_dino150.jpg

PaleontologyPaleontology

The study of The study of past lifepast life

Use of fossils as Use of fossils as data collectiondata collection

Invertebrate Invertebrate PaleontologistPaleontologist

PaleobotanistPaleobotanisthttp://www.ukfossils.co.uk/images/version4/ukgespecial.jpg

Letter to a ScientistLetter to a Scientist Write a letter to Charles Lyell, James Write a letter to Charles Lyell, James

Hutton or Stephen GouldHutton or Stephen Gould Briefly explain the position of each Briefly explain the position of each

scientist in reference to Geologyscientist in reference to Geology You should explain why you agree or You should explain why you agree or

disagree with the scientist’s theories.disagree with the scientist’s theories. See pages 432-434See pages 432-434

Conclude your letter with at least two Conclude your letter with at least two questions.questions.

•Working with a partner;

•Design a poster announcing a debate between

•Catastrophist

•Uniformitarian

•Use phrases and pictures

•Summarize the major points of both sides

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/images/1021poster.gif http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/debate05/images/gender_poster.jpg