CHAPTER 17AMERICA AND WWII

1941-1945

Pearl Harbor

“A date which will live in infamy”-- FDR

USS Arizona today

“I never wanted to fight this waron two fronts. We haven’t got theNavy to fight in both the Atlanticand Pacific…”

FDR to Eleanor

Western Front

Fighting Japan

Eastern Front

Fighting Germany

“Double V” campaign (for A-Americans)

2 “V”ictories At home = stop racism Abroad = stop Hitler’s racism

Tuskegee Airmen 1st African-American air force Flew in over 200 missions and

never lost a member!

First black American General in the Air Force!

Japanese Americans

Not allowed to serve at first Most decorated units in U.S.

military! Native Americans serve

fiercely! Navajo Code Talkers

GO GIRL! Women in the war

Most women did clerical work Made men available for combat WASPs – women pilots / 300

Turning point in the war! Both Hitler and Stalin were

fervent on winning because of the name of the city

Finally in Jan 1943 --- Nazis surrender

What? Invade France Who? General Eisenhower

commander America, Britain, and Canada

When? Setting the date was tricky! June 6, 1944 (D-Day)

Where? Beaches of Normandy, FR Why? Because we’re trying to beat

Germany!

UTAH OMAHAGOLD

SWORDJUNOPAGE 585

Blue = American

Red = British

Yellow = Canadian

1939 - 1945

“Full Victory – Nothing Else”

- Gen. Eisenhower

The Italian Campaign and D-Day were the beginning of the end

December 1944BelgiumLast German Offensive

Yalta Conference

February 1945 Met at Yalta in Southern

Russia (Ukraine) The “Big Three”

Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin Agreed to

Have Russia attack Japan after Germ. surrender

Divide Germany into zones after war

Allow free elections in Eastern Europe

Victory in Europe Day May 8, 1945

• Hitler commits suicide

• April 30, 1945

President Harry S Truman Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) dies on

April 12, 1945FDR at Yalta

Feb. 1945

Conference between the “Big Three”

Okinawa

Moving from island to island in the Pacific.

Trying to get close to Japan

Bataan Death March

Part of the Battle of Philippines Japanese win P.O.W.s forced to march 65 miles Beaten, murdered, starved,

forced to walk 5 days straight with only a sip of water, … you name it, they did it.

War crimes trial A huge reason why WWII vets

hate Japanese

First invaded Guadalcanal (Aug 1942) Then, went on to fight at Leyte Gulf (lay-tee)

in the Philippines – take it back after Death March

Largest naval battle in history

“People of Philippines,

I have returned…”

Leyte Gulf

Japan

Focusing on Japan

Firebombing Japan March - June 1945

•Napalm – jellied gasoline•civilians•67 cities•80,000 dead

November 1944 Close enough to

bomb Japan more efficiently

• April 1945• 350 miles

from Japan!

OKINAWA

“Divine Wind” Suicide attacks

Manhattan Project J. Robert Oppenheimer Developing the atomic

bomb

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Enola Gay drops “Little Boy” on Hiroshima

4 sq mi flattened 70.000+ killed

instantly 40,000 in Nagasaki Emperor intervened

Victory in Japan Day August 15, 1945

Nuremberg Trials

22 leaders of Nazi Germany prosecuted 12 sentenced to death

Similar trials held in Japan

25 Japanese Leaders

Not the Emperor