chapter 17 political parties - dentonisd.org of political parties ... •parties before the civil...
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POLITICAL PARTIES
CHAPTER 17
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LESSON 1
DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL PARTIES
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FUNCTIONS OF POLITICAL PARTIES
• Definition: a group of people with broad common
interests who organize to win elections and control
government
• Goal: to influence government policies
• Success is defined as winning!
• After the win, parties must: govern; work with
members of the opposing party; implement policies
they campaigned for; and, prepare for the next
election
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FUNCTIONS OF POLITICAL PARTIES
• Electing Candidates
• recruit men and women to run for office who
seem to have a good chance of being elected.
• raise money for campaigns
• organize rallies and meetings to create
enthusiasm for their candidates
NOT what a party
wants!
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FUNCTIONS OF POLITICAL PARTIES
• Involving People in the Political Process
• parties provide numerous opportunities for people to affect government
• local political parties allow people to become involved in campaigns by helping to register other voters, putting up signs, or donating money
• parties need people to serve as election judges and poll-watchers on Election Day
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FUNCTIONS OF POLITICAL PARTIES
• Operating the Government
• parties also play a key role in running and staffing the executive and legislative branches of government
• Congress and the state legislatures are organized and carry on their work on the basis of party affiliation
• parties also acts as a link between a legislature and a chief executive
• Sometimes this doesn’t work when there is divided government!
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FUNCTIONS OF POLITICAL PARTIES
• Dispensing Patronage
• patronage is giving out rewards for party loyalty
• these rewards often include jobs, contracts, and
appointments to government positions
• patronage may be improper if inexperienced
people get key jobs as a reward just because
they donated a lot of money to a winning
candidate
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FUNCTIONS OF POLITICAL PARTIES
• Developing and Implementing Policy
• members work through the legislatures to pass
laws to deal with important issues and work
through the executive branch to implement
government programs in line with their beliefs and
priorities
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FUNCTIONS OF POLITICAL PARTIES
• Government Watchdog
• the party that is out of power in the legislative or executive branch has the job of being a “watchdog” over the government
• It observes the party that is in power, criticizes it, and offers solutions to political problems
• public opinion might change to favor the opposition if the opposition party does this successfully
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FUNCTIONS OF POLITICAL PARTIES
• Providing Stability
• the transfer of power from one party to another takes place peacefully
• the losing party accepts the outcome of elections.
• it knows that the party will continue to exist as the opposing party and someday will return to power.
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PARTY SYSTEMS
• One-Party Systems
• usually found in nations with authoritarian governments
• Cuba, Vietnam, North Korea, and China are all one-party Communist governments
• Two-Party Systems
• Very rare – only about a dozen countries use this system
• The United States is the best example
• Multi-Party Systems
• these systems are more common in countries with parliamentary governments.
• France and Italy each have more than 15 political parties that can influence the government
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EVOLUTION OF AMERICAN PARTIES
• Parties Before the Civil War
• Federalists & Democratic-Republicans (1796-1824)
• Election of 1824
• Democrats & Whigs (1828-1856)
• Democrats split between the North and the South
• Democrats & Republicans (1860-1864)
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EVOLUTION OF AMERICAN PARTIES
• Parties After the Civil War
• Democrats and Republicans
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MINOR OR THIRD PARTIES
• any party other than one of the two major parties;
called minor parties because they rarely win
elections
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MINOR OR THIRD PARTIES
• Types of Third Parties
• Single-Issue Parties - focus exclusively on one major social, economic, or moral issue; usually short-lived
• Ideological Parties - has a particular set of ideas about how to change society rather than focusing on a single issue; longest lived
• Splinter Parties - separates from one of the major parties because of some disagreement
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MINOR OR THIRD PARTIES
• Impact of Third Parties
• have influenced the outcome of national
elections; 1912, 1968, 2000
• influence politics by suggesting new ideas;
women’s suffrage (Socialist Party), child labor
laws (Socialist and Populist Parties), 40-hour
work week (Populist Party), environmental
issues (Green Party)
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MINOR OR THIRD PARTIES
• Obstacles for Third parties
• face difficulties in getting on the ballot in all 50
states as a result of the two-party tradition
• nearly all elected officials in the United States are
selected by single-member districts where the
winner is the person with the most votes – this
favors the major parties
• have problems paying for campaigns
• get less media attention
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LESSON 2
PARTY IDEOLOGY & IDENTIFICATION
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POLITICAL IDEOLOGY
• ideology is: a set of basic beliefs about life, culture, government, and society
• people on the left of the political spectrum usually
have a liberal ideology
• people on the right of the political spectrum
usually have a conservative ideology
• most Americans fall somewhere along a
spectrum between those two ends
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POLITICAL IDEOLOGY
• Liberals
• typically believe that the proper role of
government is to actively promote health,
education, and justice; and,
• are willing to reduce economic freedom in order
to increase equality
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POLITICAL IDEOLOGY
• Conservatives
• believe that citizens can better solve their
problems without government involvement;
• support “traditional family values”; and,
• may support a government role in protecting
what they see as a moral lifestyle
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POLITICAL IDEOLOGY
• Moderates
• fall somewhere in between liberal and
conservative
• some believe in strong free markets and reduced
government regulation of the economy
• they may also support liberal social causes such
as affirmative action
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POLITICAL IDEOLOGY
• A political ideology can give a person an organized
way of looking at government and public policy
• It can also give a person clues about which political
party they identify with
• In recent decades, the Democratic Party has been
more associated with liberals and moderate-
liberals; The Republican Party has been more
associated with conservatives and moderate-
conservatives.
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PARTY PLATFORMS
• Both parties believe America should have a mixed
capitalist economy. Both parties support the
Constitution and the Bill of Rights
• Both believe in the value of private property and
support individual achievement
• But . . . the two parties disagree on many key social,
economic, and business issues
• Each party sets out a platform, or statement of its
beliefs on issues, which are issued at the party’s
nominating convention
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ASSIGNMENT
• Create a slide show – using google slides – about
each of the party platforms
• You may either use the book (pages 521-522) or
google.
• When you have completed the assignment, make
sure you share you slides with me. I will make a
copy for you and your partner.
• DON’T forget to put your name on the slides!