Chapter 17 ROMANESQUE ARTWestern Europe

1050-1200

“Build it (block by block) and they will come”

• Build it: Churches• Block by block: stone, vaults,

“blocky”• They will come: pilgrimages (scale,

design, location)

Romanesque Stylistic Characteristics • Large Scale Architecture and Sculpture

(Pilgrimages)• Regional Diversity

•Differing verticality, ceilings (vaults)•Stone (thick, solid walls)

•Round arch, barrel and groin vaults•Crossing ratio•Plain exterior

Regional Romanesques1. France (SE@Vignory, St. Sernin): modular, barrel

vaults2. Lombardy, N. Italy (Sant’ Ambrogio): campanile,

less verticality, 3. Normandy/England (SE@Caen, Durham Cathedral):

verticality; rib vaults4. Tuscan (Pisa complex): timber roofs, low, marble,

arcades, incrustation

Architectural Elements

St. Etienne, Vignory, FranceNorthern style French Roman.

• Stone masonry• Timber Roof

• Fake Tribune• Abstract capitals

• Radiating Chapel

St. Sernin, Toulouse, France

Modular plan:Bay ½ crossingAisle ¼ crossing, etc.

buttresses

xXxXxXxXxxx

Groin vaultsBarrel vaults

UUUUUU

St. Sernin, Toulouse, FranceNave Elevation

Double aisles

Tribune

Compound piers

Groin Vaults

Barrel Vaults

Transverse arch

GERMAN ROMANESQUE

http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~hart205/Cathedrals/Plan/speyer.plan.gifhttp://www.washington.edu/ark2/archtm/MLC1317.htmlhttp://faculty-web.at.northwestern.edu/art-history/werckmeister/

Speyer Cathedral

Groin vaultsClerestory windowsAlternate-support system

Compound piers

Italian Romanesque – Southern

Sant’Ambrogio, Milan, Italy

Rib Vaulting

CampanilesNarthex

Transverse archvs. vaults

Shorter like EC basilicas

St. Sernin, Toulouse,

France Speyer CathedralGermany

Sant’Ambrogio Milan, Italy

Regionalism - verticality

Cathedral complex, Pisa (Tuscany)

Baptistery

Cathedral

Campanile

incrustation• Transept• Crossing dome• Façade’s multiple arcaded galleries

• homogeneous

St. Etienne, Caen, FranceNorman Romanesque*

Tripartite division(Division into 3’s)

Sexpartite vaults(6 bays)Rib vault

Gothicspires

buttresses

East

Light and airy

Durham Cathedral, England

Quadrant arches

• Long, Slender (vs. modular)• 1st ribbed groin vault over 3 story nave

• Rib vault with slightly pointed arches

ChevronDiamondCable

Romanesque Sculpture, etc.

Cloister of Saint-Pierre, Moissac

Miracles of Saint Martin Griffins Historiated capitalsBestiaries

Christ in Majesty with angels and Twenty-Four EldersSaint-Pierre, Moissac, France.

Flashcard

Gardner’s Art Through the Ages instructional1.calstatela.edu/.../www.tronchin.com/Art1A/lecture21.htm

Tympanum

Gislebertus, Last Judgment

Weighing of the souls

Flashcard

www.tronchin.com/Art1A/lecture21.htm http://www.sciencemusings.com/blog/uploaded_images/Eve-760679.jpg

Eve, N. Side

Flashcard

Moralia in Job, Initial R with knight fighting a dragon

instructional1.calstatela.edu/.../

Morgan Madonna Flashcard

instructional1.calstatela.edu/.../

www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/virg/hd_virg.htm

Throne of wisdom

Battle of Hastings

Flashcard

Norman Cavalry Charging

instructional1.calstatela.edu/.../

Funeral procession to Westminster AbbeyBayeux Tapestry