Chapter 19 Chapter 19 Bacteria and VirusesBacteria and Viruses

By:By:David RaskowskyDavid Raskowsky

Jacqueline QuigleyJacqueline QuigleyAubrey HagensAubrey Hagens

19-1 Prokaryotes19-1 Prokaryotes

-Single celled organisms-Single celled organisms-Lack of a nucleus-Lack of a nucleus Size (diameter of cell)Size (diameter of cell)-1 to 5 micrometers-1 to 5 micrometers-Eukaryotic cells range from 10 to 100 micrometers-Eukaryotic cells range from 10 to 100 micrometersClassifying ProkaryotesClassifying Prokaryotes

-Common name “bacteria,” in the Monera Kingdom-Common name “bacteria,” in the Monera Kingdom

Classifying ProkaryotesClassifying ProkaryotesCommon name “bacteria,” in the MoneraCommon name “bacteria,” in the Monera KingdomKingdom-Eubacteria-Eubacteria Larger of the kingdoms.Larger of the kingdoms. Eubatceria live everywhere.Eubatceria live everywhere. Typical Eubacterium live in Typical Eubacterium live in

the intestines.the intestines.** DescriptionDescription Surrounded by a cell wallSurrounded by a cell wall Contains Peptidoglycan (a Contains Peptidoglycan (a

carbohydrate).carbohydrate). Within the cell wall is a cell Within the cell wall is a cell

membrane that contains membrane that contains cytoplasm.cytoplasm.

Classifying ProkaryotesClassifying Prokaryotes

-Archaebacteria-Archaebacteria Equally small as Eubacteria.Equally small as Eubacteria. Contain a cell wall.Contain a cell wall. Lack Peptidoglyca, a Lack Peptidoglyca, a

carbohydrate, and nuclei.carbohydrate, and nuclei. The Archaebacterial genes.The Archaebacterial genes. Sequence is more like Sequence is more like

Eakaryotes then Eubacteria.Eakaryotes then Eubacteria.

Identifying ProkaryotesIdentifying Prokaryotes

*Identified by shapes, chemical natures of their cell walls, and ways they *Identified by shapes, chemical natures of their cell walls, and ways they obtain energy.obtain energy.

ShapesShapes

--Rod-shaped: BacilliRod-shaped: Bacilli-Spherical: Cocci-Spherical: Cocci-Spiral : Spirilla-Spiral : Spirilla Cells wallsCells walls** Gram staining is used to find the different cell walls.Gram staining is used to find the different cell walls. Violet (primary stain)Violet (primary stain)-Bacterial cells that contain peptidoglycan.-Bacterial cells that contain peptidoglycan. Red (the counterstain)Red (the counterstain)-Has a second, cuter layer of lipid and carbohydrate molecules.-Has a second, cuter layer of lipid and carbohydrate molecules.

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