Chapter 19Chapter 19

The Cold WarThe Cold War

Section 1- Origins of WarSection 1- Origins of War

Yalta Conference- 1945Yalta Conference- 1945 Future of Germany and PolandFuture of Germany and Poland What was the United Nations?What was the United Nations?

Pg. 637Pg. 637

April 12, 1945April 12, 1945 Harry Truman Harry Truman Potsdam ConferencePotsdam Conference

Pg. 638Pg. 638

Conflicting Postwar Conflicting Postwar GoalsGoals

Americans wanted to bring Americans wanted to bring democracy and economic democracy and economic prosperity prosperity

Russians wanted to protect own Russians wanted to protect own interests, spread communisminterests, spread communism

Satellite NationsSatellite Nations

Pg. 638-639Pg. 638-639

The Iron CurtainThe Iron Curtain

Division between Western Division between Western Powers and area controlled by Powers and area controlled by the Soviet Unionthe Soviet Union

What was the Cold War?What was the Cold War?

Pg. 640Pg. 640

The Truman DoctrineThe Truman Doctrine

March 12, 1947March 12, 1947 Give Turkey and Greece Give Turkey and Greece

economic aid (Policy of economic aid (Policy of Containment) Containment)

Pg. 642Pg. 642

Section 2- The Cold War Section 2- The Cold War Heats UpHeats Up

Marshall Plan- 1947, plan by Marshall Plan- 1947, plan by George Marshall (Secretary of George Marshall (Secretary of State) State)

Berlin AirliftBerlin Airlift NATO (North Atlantic Treaty NATO (North Atlantic Treaty

Organization)Organization)

Pg. 645-647Pg. 645-647

Communist AdvancesCommunist Advances

Soviet atomic threatSoviet atomic threat Hydrogen Bomb 1950Hydrogen Bomb 1950 China falls to CommunistsChina falls to Communists Mao Zedong Mao Zedong Americans viewed loss of China Americans viewed loss of China

Truman’s faultTruman’s fault

Pg. 648Pg. 648

Cold War at HomeCold War at Home

HUAC- House Un-American HUAC- House Un-American Activities CommitteeActivities Committee

““Are you now or have you ever Are you now or have you ever been a member of the been a member of the Communist Party?”Communist Party?”

Pg. 650Pg. 650

Hollywood TenHollywood Ten 6 months to a yr in jail6 months to a yr in jail BlacklistsBlacklists Only made films that Only made films that

concentrated on pure concentrated on pure entertainmententertainment

Pg. 650Pg. 650

McCarran-Walter ActMcCarran-Walter Act ““one of the most un-American one of the most un-American

acts I have ever witnessed in my acts I have ever witnessed in my public career” H.T.public career” H.T.

SpiesSpies Alger HissAlger Hiss Julius and Ethel RosenbergJulius and Ethel Rosenberg

Pg. 651Pg. 651

Section 3- The Korean Section 3- The Korean WarWar

3838thth Parallel Parallel 19501950 US believed Soviets were behind US believed Soviets were behind

actionaction

Pg. 653-654Pg. 653-654

UN troops join, Douglas MacArthur UN troops join, Douglas MacArthur leads themleads them

““Home by Christmas”Home by Christmas” 2 yrs of fighting2 yrs of fighting US signed peace treaty with Japan US signed peace treaty with Japan

who could help maintain balance of who could help maintain balance of power in the Pacificpower in the Pacific

Pg. 655-656Pg. 655-656

Section 4- The Continuing Section 4- The Continuing Cold WarCold War

Joseph McCarthyJoseph McCarthy McCarthyismMcCarthyism Senate condemned him Senate condemned him

for reckless actionsfor reckless actions

Pg. 658Pg. 658

The Cold War in the The Cold War in the 1950’s1950’s

Southeast Asia- US provided aid Southeast Asia- US provided aid to South Vietnamto South Vietnam

The Middle EastThe Middle East Latin AmericaLatin America

Pg. 659-660Pg. 659-660

The Arms RaceThe Arms Race

Gaining weapons superiority Gaining weapons superiority 1954-1958 US conducted 19 1954-1958 US conducted 19

Hydrogen bomb testsHydrogen bomb tests one was 750 times more one was 750 times more

powerful than the atomic bombpowerful than the atomic bomb

Pg. 660Pg. 660

ICBM’sICBM’s 1957, 1957, SputnikSputnik U-2 spy planesU-2 spy planes U-2 incident, 1960U-2 incident, 1960

Pg. 661Pg. 661

The Post War Years at HomeThe Post War Years at Home

Section 1- TV Shows of the Section 1- TV Shows of the 1950’s1950’s

I Love LucyI Love Lucy Leave it to BeaverLeave it to Beaver Father Knows BestFather Knows Best American BandstandAmerican Bandstand Howdy DoodyHowdy Doody Mickey Mouse ClubMickey Mouse Club

Technology Transforms LifeTechnology Transforms Life Grace Hopper- software to run Grace Hopper- software to run

computers and computers and debuggingdebugging Bell Telephone Labs- transistorBell Telephone Labs- transistor Nuclear PowerNuclear Power Advances in Medicine- Jonas Salk and Advances in Medicine- Jonas Salk and

Thomas Francis, Polio vaccineThomas Francis, Polio vaccinePg. 670-671Pg. 670-671

The Postwar EconomyThe Postwar Economy

Ray Kroc- McDonald’s 1954Ray Kroc- McDonald’s 1954 Other fast food chainsOther fast food chains General Motors, Ford, General Motors, Ford,

Chrysler, General Electric, Chrysler, General Electric,

WestinghouseWestinghouse

Pg. 669-670Pg. 669-670

Suburbs and HighwaysSuburbs and Highways

GI Bill of Rights- low interest GI Bill of Rights- low interest mortgages for housing, provided mortgages for housing, provided education, and fueled postwar education, and fueled postwar economic boomeconomic boom

Neighborhoods Neighborhoods New cars and designsNew cars and designs

Pg. 672Pg. 672

Section 2- Mood of the Section 2- Mood of the 1950’s1950’s ““Silent Generation”Silent Generation”

BabysittersBabysitters Magazines- Magazines- Seventeen, Cool, TeenSeventeen, Cool, Teen Religion- 1954, “Under God” added and Religion- 1954, “Under God” added and

1955 “In God We Trust” added to coins1955 “In God We Trust” added to coins ““the family that prays together stays the family that prays together stays

together”, slogan (advertising)together”, slogan (advertising)Pg. 676Pg. 676

Men and WomenMen and Women

Men go to school and support wife and Men go to school and support wife and kidskids

Women kept house, cooked, raised kidsWomen kept house, cooked, raised kids More women in the workplace than More women in the workplace than

beforebefore Betty Friedan, Betty Friedan, The Feminine MystiqueThe Feminine Mystique

Pg. 676Pg. 676

Changes to ConformityChanges to Conformity

Youth rebellionsYouth rebellions Rebel Without a CauseRebel Without a Cause- James Dean- James Dean Catcher in the RyeCatcher in the Rye- J.D. Salinger- J.D. Salinger Rock-and-Roll- Alan Freed “Moondog Rock-and-Roll- Alan Freed “Moondog

Rock ‘n’ Roll Party”Rock ‘n’ Roll Party”

Pg. 678Pg. 678

Chuck Berry, Fats Domino, Jerry Lee Chuck Berry, Fats Domino, Jerry Lee Lewis, Buddy HollyLewis, Buddy Holly

Elvis PresleyElvis Presley Spread to Europe- The BeatlesSpread to Europe- The Beatles Adults disliked this music- Adults disliked this music-

immoral/raceimmoral/race Beatniks- Jack KerouacBeatniks- Jack Kerouac

Pg. 678-679Pg. 678-679

Section 3- Domestic Politics Section 3- Domestic Politics and Policyand Policy

Truman’s Fair DealTruman’s Fair Deal Gov needs to play active role in Gov needs to play active role in

securing economic justice for all securing economic justice for all American citizensAmerican citizens

21 pt program21 pt program Employment Act of 1946- Economic Employment Act of 1946- Economic

advisors to advise the Presidentadvisors to advise the President Opposition rejected many policiesOpposition rejected many policiesPg. 681Pg. 681

““I am not asking for social equality, I am not asking for social equality, because no such things exist, but I because no such things exist, but I am asking for equality of opportunity am asking for equality of opportunity for all human beings…”for all human beings…”

Congress took no action Congress took no action Truman banned discrimination in Truman banned discrimination in

hiring of federal employees as well hiring of federal employees as well as armed forcesas armed forces

Change was slowChange was slow

Pg. 682Pg. 682

Election of 1948- Truman defeats Election of 1948- Truman defeats Thomas DeweyThomas Dewey

2222ndnd Amendment- President can only Amendment- President can only hold two terms hold two terms

Always debatedAlways debated

Pg. 683Pg. 683

Eisenhower and the Republican Eisenhower and the Republican ApproachApproach

Eisenhower new President- 1952Eisenhower new President- 1952 ““I Like Ike”I Like Ike” Richard Nixon was his VPRichard Nixon was his VP Checkers Speech- Sept 1952, Ike not Checkers Speech- Sept 1952, Ike not

President yetPresident yet ““It was a little cocker Spaniel dog…Black It was a little cocker Spaniel dog…Black

and white spotted. And our little girl…and white spotted. And our little girl…named it Checkers”named it Checkers”

Pg. 684Pg. 684

K1C2 formula- Korea, communism, K1C2 formula- Korea, communism, corruptioncorruption

Won re-election in 1956Won re-election in 1956 ““I am no politician as you well know”I am no politician as you well know” NASA- National Aeronautics and Space NASA- National Aeronautics and Space

Administration, 1958Administration, 1958 National Defense Education Act- National Defense Education Act-

improve science and math instruction to improve science and math instruction to keep up with the Soviet Unionkeep up with the Soviet Union

Pg. 686Pg. 686