WORLD WAR I I

Chapter 19

I. The Rise of DictatorsA. Benito Mussolini-Italy

1. 1st Major dictatorship in Europe2. Fascism-Aggressive nationalism3. Nation is more important than

individual4. Need for a strong leader5. Nation becomes great by

expanding its territory and building its military

6. Anti-Communist7. Black Shirts-Militia8. Marched on Rome- Became

premier

B. Joseph Stalin-Soviet Union (USSR)1. 1926-After the death of Lenin2. Massive industrialization3. Had Millions of peasants killed

for resisting his policies.4. Communist-One Party Rule

C. Adolph Hitler-Germany1. Political and Economic Chaos in

Germany after WWI.2. Mein Kampf3. Nazi Party-Nationalistic and Anti-

Communist4. Unification of all German

speaking people5. Aryans-Master Race6. Jews responsible for the world’s

problems7. Appointed Prime Minister8. Storm Troopers-Private Army

D. Militarists-Japan1. Difficult Economic Times2. 1931 Army invades Manchuria3. Military takes control of the

country4. Hideki Tojo

II. America Turns to NeutralityA. Isolationism-Avoid all International

CommitmentsB. Neutrality Act of 1935

1. Illegal to sell weapons to any country currently at war.

C. Neutrality Act of 19371. Non-Military supplies can be sold

to warring countries on a “cash and carry” basis only.

D. Roosevelt supported Internationalism1. Trade between nations creates

prosperity and prevents war.

E. The Axis Powers 1. Rome-Berlin Axis

a. Germany and Italyb. Japan joins with themc. They are the Axis Powers

2. Japan Invades China 19373. Roosevelt sells weapons to China

WWII BEGINS

Section 2

I. “Peace in Our Time”A. March 1938-Hitler announces the

Anschluss-Unification of Germany and Austria

B. Hitler then claimed the Sudetenland1. Part of Czechoslovakia2. Large German Speaking Population3. France, Britain and the U.S.S.R.

threatened to fight Germany if they attacked CzechoslovakiaC. The Munich Conference

1. Britain and France agree to give in to Hitler’s demands to prevent another war.

Appeasement2. Hitler Promises no more acts of

aggression

D. March 1939-Hitler took the rest of Czechoslovakia

E. Hitler then demanded Danzig-Polish Port

F. May 1939-Hitler orders invasion of Poland

G. Aug. 1939-Hitler and Stalin sign non-aggression pact

1. Promise not to fight each other2. Secretly promise to divide Poland

II. The War BeginsA. Sep. 1, 1939-Germany and U.S.S.R.

invade PolandB. Sep. 3-Britain and France declare war

on Germany

C. Germans used blitzkrieg in Poland1. Lightning War2. Coordinated attack by Tanks,

Planes and infantry.3. Oct. 5 Poland is defeated

D. April 9, 1940 Germans attack Norway and Denmark

E. The “Sitzkrieg”1. Maginot Line2. Hitler invades The Netherlands,

Belgium and Luxembourg3. British and French Troops go into

Belgium and are trapped

F. Miracle at Dunkirk1. 338,000 British and French

troops evacuated across English Channel

G. June 22, 1940-France Surrenders1. Germany installs a puppet govt.

III. Britain Remains DefiantA. Hitler thought Britain would negotiate

for peace.B. Winston Churchill rallies the British

peopleC. Germany plans to invade Britain

1. Luftwaffe-German Air force2. Royal Air Force- British bomb

BerlinD. British Outnumbered-

1. Radar

THE HOLOCAUST

Section 3

I. Nazi Persecution of the JewsA. The Holocaust

1. Nearly 6 million Jews and millions of other people were killed by the Nazi’s

2. The Hebrew term is Shoah meaning catastrophe

B. Who was oppressed? 1. Anyone who opposed them2. The disabled3. Gypsies4. Homosexuals5. Slavs6. Strongest hatred was toward the Jews.

C. Sept. 1935- The Nuremberg Laws1. Took Citizenship away from

German Jews2. Banned marriage between

Germans and JewsD. Nov. 9, 1938-Kristallnacht

1. “Night of Broken Glass”2. 90 Jews died, hundreds injured,

thousands of Jewish businesses destroyed, over 180

synagogues wrecked.

E. Escape!1. 1933-1939; 350,000 Jews

escaped Nazi Germany2. Millions remained trapped3. The Great Depression caused

immigration restrictions in many countries

4. Could not take more than $4 out of the countryII. The Final Solution

A. The Wannsee Conference

II. The Final SolutionA. The Wannsee ConferenceB. The Plan

1. Round up Jews and other “undesirables”

2. Put them in “Concentration Camps”

3. Healthy individuals would work as slave labor

4. Elderly, sick, young would be sent to Extermination Camps to be killed in large gas chambers.

5. Extermination camps could kill thousands each day.

AMERICA ENTERS THE WAR

Section 4

I. FDR Supports EnglandA. Roosevelt Declared the U.S. NeutralB. Destroyers for Bases Deal

1. Sent 50 old American destroyers to Britain

2. Britain gave U.S. right to build naval bases

a. Newfoundlandb. Bermudac. Caribbean Islands

II. Isolationist DebateA. American public opinion favored the AlliesB. America 1st Committee-Opposed intervention or aid to the AlliesC. Roosevelt ran for a 3rd term as President in 1940

1. Beat Wendell Willkie by a large margin

III. Edging Toward WarA. Lend Lease Act

1. U.S. could lend or lease arms to any country considered vital to the defense of the U.S.

B. June 1941-Hitler invaded Soviet UnionC. Hemispheric Defense Zone

1. Western half of Atlantic Ocean was neutral

2. U.S. navy patrolled these waters and revealed location of German submarines to the British.

D. Atlantic Charter1. Roosevelt and Churchill agreed

to what the post-war world would look like

a. Democracyb. nonaggressionc. free traded. economic advancemente. freedom of the seas

E. German sub fired on the U.S.S. Greer1. Roosevelt ordered a “shoot on

sight policy” toward German submarines.

G. German sub sank the U.S.S. Reuben James

IV. Japan Attacks the United StatesA. Roosevelt introduced policies to

discourage the Japanese from attacking British colonies

B. 1940 Export Control Act1. Gave President the power to

Restrict the sale of “strategic Materials” to other countries

2. Roosevelt blocked the sale of airplane fuel and scrap iron to Japan

3. Japan signed an alliance with Germany and Italy

C. Japan threatened the British Empire in Asia

1. Roosevelt froze all Japanese assets in U.S.

2. Reduced the amount of Oil shipped to Japan

3. Sent Gen MacArthur to the Philippines to build American Defenses

D. Japanese Decision1. End Imperialism or go to war with

U.S.2. Sent a peace envoy to the U.S.3. Began planning an attack on the

U.S.

E. December 7, 1941-Japan attacked Pearl Harbor

1. 21 Ships sunk or damaged2. 2,403 Americans killed

F. December 8, Roosevelt asks Congress to declare war on Japan

G. Dec. 11, Germany and Italy declared war on the U.S.