Chapter 19: Islam and Asia

Warm Up Chapter 181. Chartered companies were

A. Private investors with trade monopolies in coloniesB. Maritime manufactures of maps and chartsC. Companies of missionaries and religious societiesD. Groups of Amerindian investors who pooled money and

resources2. The expansion of sugar plantations in the West Indies required

A. Increase in arable landB. Increase in African slave tradeC. Creation of new markets among the AmerindiansD. Government consultants to oversee farming

3. Manumission permitted slaves to A. Sell their surplus produce or goods from their own workB. Have time off during certain religious holidaysC. Purchase or receive their freedom from slaveryD. Marry and not have families separated

4. The clockwise network of trade in the Atlantic was theA. Continental Trade RouteB. Reverse Option MarketC. European CircuitD. Atlantic Circuit

5. Mercantilism:6. What did capitalism bring to the New World?7. Explain what “goods” were traded along the Triangle Trade “Atlantic Circuit”

• I. Ottoman Empire to 1750– A. Expansion and Frontiers– Osman established the Ottoman Empire in 1300 in

northwest Anatolia. He and successors captured the Byzantine capital of Constantinople and established a general border with Iran

– Egypt and Syria, Algeria and Tunis, Belgrade and Rhodes all were added to the Ottoman Empire

– Ottomans fought with Venice for 200 years and forced the Venetians to pay a tribute.

– Ottomans fought with Muslims merchants to drive out Portuguese in the Red Sea

Osman I

– B. Central Institutions– Ottomans forced Balkan Christian men to fight:

calling them Janissaries– Janissaries fought on foot and were armed with

guns– Military class was the only class exempt from

taxation– The sultan supplied justice and defense for the

commoners (raya) and the commoners supplied taxes to support the military.

– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=opac9IGV8fM&feature=related

– C. Crisis of Military State– Janissaries impact on society: – become more important and larger however

firearms were very expensive– Calvary decreased as firearms become more

prevalent– The use of short term mercenaries brought

rebellions– Janissaries begin to overtake empire by marrying,

starting businesses, and enrolling sons in Janissary corps

– D. Economic Change and Growing Weakness– Sultan secluded himself and the Janissaries

became political elite– Europeans were finding other countries to trade

with: overland trade had declined with Mongol fall– Europeans were overlooking Ottoman Empire in

trade

• II. Safavid Empire 1502-1722– A. The Rise of the Safavids– Ismail declared himself shah of Iran in 1502 and

ordering all followers Shi’ite Muslims– Iran (Shi’ite) became increasingly tense with its

Sunni neighbors– B. Tale of Two Cities: Isfahan and Istanbul– Istanbul was a busy port city: location gave it a

great cosmopolitan character with much business– Isfahan was an inland city with few Europeans:

location was inland and was not a cosmopolitan city

– Women in both cities were confined to the home– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ChLwnlFNJbA

&feature=related

Ismail I

– C. Economic Crises and Population Collapse– Manufactures included silk and carpets with small

productivity– The expense of firearms forced the Safavids to

establish a slave corp of soldiers– Decline of overland trade brought the capture of

Isfahan in 1722– Safavids also never had a navy and relied on

English and Dutch for naval support

• III. Mughal Empire 1526-1761– A. Political Foundations– Babur and Akbar establish this empire– Mughal empire relied on Europeans to be their

navy• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xwtNu1m

sJ4M&feature=related

Babur

Akbar

– B. Central Decay and Regional Challenges– Cities were regionalized and could not unite:

schism between Hindu and Muslim was still very apparent, Akbar attempted to appease each religion

– French intruded and dominated the trade in India– Factors: land grant system, failure to unite cities,

and rise of regional powers– Mughal empire broke into regional powers

• IV. Maritime Worlds of Islam– A. Muslims in Southeast Asia– Islam spread throughout these countries by water

trade– The people of these countries developed Islam to

their own understanding– B. European Powers and Southern Seas– Dutch drove out Portuguese in Malacca in 1641

and established their colonial capital at Batavia (Jakarta)

– European merchants came to Southeast Asia. – Dutch could not control monopoly on spice and

turned to lumber and coffee.

• Columbian Exchange Worksheet