chapter 19 section 3 japan returns to isolation. daimyo oda nobunaga toyotomi hideoyshi tokugawa...
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1467-1568 know as Sengoku (warring states)
Samurai seized control of old feudal estates
Daimyo-Warrior chieftain new lords
Resembled European feudalism
LOCAL LORDS RULE
Built fortified castles
Created small armies on horses (samurai)
Later introduced foot soldiers with muskets
Fought for territory
LOCAL LORDS RULE
• Oda Nobunaga-defeated rivals and seized capitol Kyoto 1558• “Rule the empire by
force”• Nobunaga’s
soldiers with muskets crush samurai force (first use of firearms)
NEW LEADERS RESTORE ORDER
Could not unify all of Japan
Toyotomi Hideoyshi conquered al of Japan
Invaded Korea in 1592
Hideoyshi died 1559 and his troops withdrew from Korea
NEW LEADERS RESTORE ORDER
Unified Japan in 1600Had loyalty of
Daimyo throughout Japan
3 years later became sole leader of Japan
Moved capitol to Edo became Tokyo
Governed at a local level
TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE UNITES JAPAN
• Required daimyo to spend every other year in the capitol• When they returned
to their lands they left family in capitol (hostages to prevent rebellion)• Rule of law became
rule of sword
TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE UNITES JAPAN
On his deathbed asked sons toTake care of the people
Strive to be virtuousNever neglect to protect the country
This rule brought welcome order to Japan
TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE UNITES JAPAN
Japan enjoyed two and half centuries of stability
Society was very structured
Ruler was a shogun supreme military commander
LIFE IN TOKUGAWA JAPAN
ShogunDaimyo- powerful landholding samurai
Samurai warriorsPeasants and artisans 4/5ths of population
Merchants at the bottom
Became more important as the economy expanded
LIFE IN TOKUGAWA JAPAN
• Confucian values influenced society• Depended on
agriculture not merchants• Peasants and
farmers had the main tax burden• Many left farms for
town life
SOCIETY IN TOKUGAWA JAPAN
• Attended ceremonial noh dramas–Tales of ancient
warriors
• Hung pictures of a classical literature scenes• Haiku-3 line verse
poetry• Presents images
rather than ideas
CULTURE UNDER THE TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE
16 century during the warring states
Welcomed traders and missionaries from Portugal
Within a century Europeans had worn out their welcome
CONTACT BETWEEN EUROPE AND JAPAN
• 1543 first encounter with Europeans• Portugal hoped to be
part of the Japan, China, and Southeast Asia trade• Brought clocks,
eyeglasses, tobacco, firearms, and unfamiliar items to Japan
PORTUGAL SENDS SHIPS, MERCHANTS AND TECHNOLOGY TO JAPAN
Daimyo welcomed the strangers
Interested in muskets and cannons
Japanese purchased weapons from Portugal
Firearms changed a time honored tradition of the use of the sword
PORTUGAL SENDS SHIPS, MERCHANTS, AND TECHNOLOGY TO JAPAN
Many samurai retained the sword
Built fortified castles to withstand the cannons
Castles attracted merchants and artisans
PORTUGAL SENDS SHIPS, MERCHANTS, AND TECHNOLOGY TO JAPAN
1549 missionaries started to arrive
Religious orders of Jesuits came to convert the Japanese
Francis Xavier-Jesuit led the first mission
Baptized about 100 converts before he left
CHRISTIAN MISSIONARIES IN JAPAN
1600 300,0000 Japanese had been converted
Success upset Tokugawa Ieyasu
Found Christian invasion troublesome
They scorned traditional Japanese beliefs
CHRISTIAN MISSIONARIES IN JAPAN
Feared driving off the European traders would hurt Japan’s economy
1612 there was religious uprisings
Christianity was banned
CHRISTIAN MISSIONARIES IN JAPAN
1637 30,000 peasants led by a samurai
So many rebels were Christian
Started to persecute Christians
All Japanese were forced to show faith to a branch of Buddhism
CHRISTIAN MISSIONARIES IN JAPAN
Persecution of Christians was to control foreign ideas
Valued European trade but not ideas
1639 sealed Japan’s borders “closed country policy”
THE CLOSED COUNTRY POLICY
Nagasaki was the only port opened to foreign ships
Only Dutch and Chinese merchants allowed
Tokugawa shoguns had a monopoly on trade
200 years Japan remained closed
JAPAN IN ISOLATION