chapter 1f2

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CHAPTER ONE

LEARNING AREA:

The World Through Our Senses

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

1.1 Sensory Organs and Their Functions1.2 Our Sense of Touch1.3 Our Sense of Smell1.4 Our Sense of Taste1.5 Our Sense of Hearing and Sound1.6 Our Sense of Sight and Light1.7 Stimuli and Responses in Plants


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Learning Objective: 1.1 Understanding the sensory organs and their functions

Learning Outcomes: Identify and relate a sensory organ to its stimulus.

State the pathway from stimulus to response.

Stimulus Sensory Organ Nerves Brain Nerves Response

1. Complete the table below to identify and relate a sensory organ to its stimulususing the words given.

Sensory Organ Stimulus

light

Nose airborne chemical

sound

touch

Tongue chemicals in food or drinks

2. Identify X and Y in the diagram below to state the pathway from stimulus toresponse.

a. X detects the stimulus and changes it into impulses:

_____________________

b. Y is the result carried out either by the muscles or glands:

__________________

Eye Ear Skin

(nerve)(nerve)Y

(Detect) (Interpret)

BrainXStimulus

(Result)


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Learning Objective: 1.2 Understanding the senses of touch.

Learning Outcomes:

Identify the structure of human skin involved in stimuli detection.

State the function of different receptors.

Draw conclusion on the sensivity of the skin at different parts of the body towardsstimuli.

1. Label the diagram below to identify the structure of the human skin involved instimuli detection using the words given.

2. Statethe function for the following receptors based on the diagram in (1).

a. Receptor1(a) can detect the stimulus __________________________.

b. Receptor1(b) can detect the stimulus __________________________.

3. The table below shows the result of an experiment to test the sensivity of the skinto detect the stimulus touch.

Area on the skinTEST

(/)- detected (X)-not detected)

1 2 3Palm x / x

Elbow x x xTip of pointer finger / / /

Back of the hand / x /

a. Based on the result above, which area on the skin is the most sensitive to thestimulus touch?

Pressure Touch Pain

Adipose

Cold

Dermis

Epidermis

Heat

c)

a)

b)


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_______________________________________________________________

_

b. Giveone reason for your answer in 3(a).

________________________________________________________________

Learning Objective: 1.3 Understanding the senses of smell.


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Learning Outcomes:

Identify the structure of the nose.

Identify the position of the sensory cells in the detection of the smell.

1. Label the parts of the human nose in the diagram below using the words given.

2. Complete the statements below to identify the position of the sensory cells in thedetection of the smell.

.a. The nose is the sensory organ to detect the stimulus ___________________.

b. The smell receptors are found in the upper part of the __________________.

c. These smell receptors are covered with a thin layer of __________________.

Learning Objective: 1.4 Understanding the senses of taste.

Smell receptors Nasal cavity Nostril

Airborne chemicals

b)

a)

c)


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Learning Outcomes:

Identify the different areas of the tongue that respond to different taste.

Relate the sense of taste with the sense of smell.

1. Label the diagram below to identify the different areas of the tongue that respondto different taste using the words given.

2. A person who suffers a cold normally loses his appetite because his food doesnot have any taste or smell.

Which sensory organ does the tongue works closely with?

_______________________________________________________________

Learning Objective: 1.5 Understanding the sense of hearing.

COFFEE

b)

a)

c)

Honey Salted Fish Lime Juice


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Ear lope Auditory nerve Cochlea

Eustachian tube

Ossicles

c)

a)

b)

Learning Outcomes:

Identify the structure of the human ear.

Explain the functions of the different parts of the ear.

Describe how we hear.

1. Label the diagram below to identify the structure of the human ear using thewords given.

2. Identify the parts of the ear with the correct functions using the words givenbelow to explain the functions of the different parts of the ear.

Part of Ear Function

Ear pinna Collects and channel sound wave into the ear canal.

Directs sound wave to the eardrum.

Vibrates with the same frequency of the sound.

Oscicles Amplifies sound vibrations passed by the eardrum.

Cochlea Detect and converts sound wave into impulses.

Send impulses to the brain.

Equalises the air pressure on both sides of the eardrum.

Eustachian tube Auditory nerves Eardrum Ear canal


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3. Complete the statement below to describe how we hear using the words given.

The ear detects stimulus in the form of __________________ wave when it hits

the eardrum and is amplified by the ___________________. A tubular shapedcochlea which contains receptors will then convert the sound vibrations into

sound impulses which are then sent to the brain through the

_____________________ nerve.

sound ossicles auditory


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Learning Objective: 1.6 Understanding the sense of sight.

Learning Outcomes:

Identify the structure of the human eye.

Explain the functions of the different parts of the eye.

Describe how we see.

1. Label the diagram below to identify the structure of the human eye using thewords given.

2. Complete the table below to explain the functions of the different parts of the eyeusing the words given.

Part of eye Function

Pupil Controls the intensity of light entering the eye.

A transparent layer which allows light to enter the eye.

Lens Refracts and focuses light to form image on the retina.

Choroids Black-pigmented layer to prevent reflection of light in the eye.

Tough outermost layer which protects and gives shape to the eyeball.

Light-sensitive layer where the image is formed in the eye.

3. Complete the statement below to describe how we see using the words given.

Light that enters the eye is refracted by the cornea, aqueous humour and the eye

lens to form an image on the____________________. The sensitive cells in the

a.

Eye lens

b.

c.

Iris Optic nerve Yellow spot

retina optic


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retina convert the image into impulses which is then sent to the brain through the

_____________ nerve.


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Diagram A Diagram B

Diagram P

Light from near object

Diagram Q

Light from distant/far object

Learning Objective: 1.7 Understanding light and sight

Learning Outcomes:

Describe the properties of light, i.e. reflection and refraction.

State the various vision defects.

1. The diagrams below show two properties of light.Complete the statements below to describe the properties of light.

a. Diagram A:

When light hits the surface of and opaque object (plane mirror), light will be

_________________________.

b. Diagram B:

When light passes through a transparent object (glass block), light will be

_________________________.

2. The diagrams below show two types of vision defects.

Underline the correct answer to identify the vision defects.


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a. The vision defect in Diagram P is called (long-sighted / short-sighted) vision.

b. The vision defect in Diagram Q is called (long-sighted / short-sighted) vision.


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Learning Objective: 1.7 Understanding light and sight

Learning Outcome: Explain ways to correct vision defects.

1. a) Diagram A shows a short-sighted vision.

Draw lines in the diagram to correct this vision defect after using a concave lens.

b) Diagram B shows a long-sighted vision.

Draw lines in the diagram to correct this vision defect after using a convex lens.

Far object

Far object

Image is form in front the retina

Diagram A

Near object

Image is form behind the retina

Diagram B


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P Q

Learning Objective: 1.7 Understanding light and sight.

Learning Outcomes: State and give examples of the limitations of sight.

Connect stereoscopic and monocular visions with the survival of animals.

Identify the appropriate devices to overcome limitations of sight.

1. The diagrams below show an example of the limitation of sight.

Name this type of the limitation of sight:_________________________________

2. The diagrams below show the field of vision of a deer and a cat.

Underline the correct answerbelow to connect stereoscopic and monocular

visions with the survival of animals.

a. A deer have a (wider / narrow) field of vision to detect predators.

b. A cat can detect prey accurately because the vision of its right and left eyes

overlap to create a (monocular / stereoscopic) vision.

3. Draw lines to match the following devices with its correct uses to overcome thelimitation of sight.

a) A microscope is used to observe tiny andminute objects like micro organisms and

cells.

b)

A telescope is used to observe very far anddistant object like the moon.

X

Y

Monocular vision Stereoscopic vision


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c)

A magnifying glass is used to observe verysmall objects like small insects or small

letters/numbers


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Rubber band

Ring

ring

No sound is heard

(Air is suck outfrom

the belljar)

Diagram A Diagram B Diagram C

Surface of an object

b) Sound is produce when an object vibrates

c) Sound wave travels in all directions

Diagram A

Diagram B

a) Sound cannot travel through a vacuum

Diagram C

Learning Objective: 1.8 Understanding sound and hearing

Learning Outcomes:

Describe the properties of sound.

Explain the reflection and absorption of sound.

1. The diagrams below show three activities to identify the properties of sound.

Draw lines to match the following properties of sound with the correct activitybased on the diagrams above.

2. The diagram below shows and activity to explain reflection and absorption of

sound.

Underline the correct answer in the statements below to explain reflection andabsorption of sound.


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a) The surface of a (hard / soft) object will reflect sound better.

b) The surface of a (hard / soft) object will absorb sound better.


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Learning Objective: 1.8 Understanding sound and hearing

Learning Outcomes:

Explain the defects of hearing.

Explain ways of rectifying the defects of hearing.

State the limitations of hearing.

State the devices used to overcome the limitations of hearing.

Explain stereophonic hearing.

1. Tick (/) which is the common causes of hearing defect from the list below.

a) Too much ear wax blocking the ear canal

b) Infection of the ear

c) Listening to loud music or sound

d) Injury to the head

e) Birth defects

2. Tick (/) the correct device that can rectify the defects of hearing.

3. The human ear is limited to detect sounds to a certain range in frequencies.Complete the statement below to state the limitation of hearing of a human ear.

The human ear can only detect sound of frequencies between 20 Hz to amaximum of ________________ Hz.

4. Tick (/) the correct device that is used to overcome the limitations of hearing.

5. The diagram below shows an activity to test for stereophonic hearing.

Stereophonic Hearing


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Complete the statement below to explain stereophonic hearing.

Stereophonic hearing is the ability to determine the source and the direction of

______________ accurately using both ears.


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Learning Outcomes:

State the stimuli that cause response in plants.

Identify the parts of plants sensitive to specific stimulus.

Relate the response in plants to their survival.

1. Underline the correct answer in the statements below to state the stimuli thatcauses this type of response in plants.

a) Phototropism is the movement or growth of plants in response to (light /

water).

b) Geotropism is the movement of growth of plants in response to (gravity / light).

c) Hydrotropism is the movement or growth of plants in response to (water /

gravity).

2. The diagram below shows parts of a plant A, B and C.

Which part of the plant A, B and C in the diagram above is sensitive to thespecific stimulus below.a. This part of the plant is able to respond to light :

___________________

b. This part of the plant is able to respond to gravity :___________________

c. This part of the plant is able to respond to water :

___________________

3. The diagram below shows the response of a Venus fly trap to obtain nutrients bytrapping insects.


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Rearrange the words below to identify this type of response in certain plants.

G I T M O H T R O P I S M

T R O P I S M

chapter 1f2

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