CHAPTER 1

1. Michelle is a 32 year old black Canadian college graduate. Thinking sociologically, we might expect that she is most likely to marry a:

35 year old black Canadian man who is a college graduate

2. On average, how many children is a Canadian woman likely to have?

Two

3. Who suggested that society reflected not the perfection of God so much as the failings of a selfish human nature?

Thomas Hobbes

4. A social-conflict analysis of sports points out:

That the games people play reflect their social standings

5. ____ is a statement of how and why specific facts are related

Theory

6. ____ is defined as any relatively stable pattern of behaviour

Social Structure

7. What behaviour by landowners characterized the enclosure movement?

Fencing off more and more farmland to create grazing areas for sheep

8. Seeing the general in the particular is one way to define:

The sociological perspective

9. ___ refers to the consequences of any social pattern for the operation of society as a whole

Social Function

10. One criticism made of the social-conflict approach is its:

Ignoring how shared values unify members of society

11. Based on Durkherim’s findings, why would Protestants have had higher suicide rates than Catholics and Jews?

Protestants has lower levels of social integration

12. Consistent with Durkheim’s findings, which category of the Canadian population has a suicide rate five times higher than those of other Canadians

Aboriginal youth

13. Which of the following was one result of the European enclosure movement

People sought out work in cities

14. What is positivism?

A way of understanding that is based on science

15. Which characteristic does middle and low-income countries have in common?

Both kinds of countries suffer considerable social inequality, with a few rich but many poor

16. Siobhan is in a sociology class and she is writing a paper on wage differences between male and female employees. What theoretical approach is she most likely to use?

Gender-conflict

17. Changing the system of production by reducing small-scale manufacturing had what effect on society?

People were taken out of their homes, and former traditions were weakened

18. What can we learn from applying the sociological perspective?

What we call “common sense” is not always the same as truth

19. The writings of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Adam Smith shifted the focus from moral obligation to God and king to____

The pursuit of self-interest

20. Is Rosa is studying the sociological approach that takes the micro-level of analysis, then she is studying the ____ approach to sociology

Symbolic-interaction

21. How would social- exchange analysis lead you to view courtship?

People seek mates who can offer them at least as much as they offer in return

CHAPTER 2

1. Example of scientific truth

Empirical evidence that supports a theory

2. One by controlling ___ can researchers study te world as it is rather than tell us how they think it should be

Personal feelings and opinions

3. ___ is reflective of the positivist orientation to research:

The study of society should be based on scientific observation of a social behaviour

4. Failing to consider gender in research is an error sociologists call:

Gender blindness

5. Three requirements must be met to establish cause and effect: 1) a demonstrated correlation 2) an independent variable that occurs before the dependent variable 3) ____

No evidence that a thirds variable could be causing a spurious correlation between the two

6. The Stanford County Prison experiment was conducted by

Philip Zimbardo

7. ___ is an example of the problem of “over generalizing” in research

Using data from males to support conclusions about people in general

8. Alex wants to study the effects of playground bullying on elementary school children. This is an:

Participant observation

9. ___ used deductive logical thought in the research described in your textbook

Whyte

10. Example of inductive logical thought:

A sociologist observes a pattern in behaviour and works from that pattern to form a theory about it

11. Androcentricity refers to ___

Approaching an issue from a male perspective, assuming only men’s activities are important

12. Winnie is a sociological researcher who participates and interacts with her research subjects. She looks deeper than outward behaviour, analyzing why people behave the way they do, Winnie embraces_____ orientation of sociological research

Interpretive

13. Because Claudia’s interview subjects believed it was improper for an unmarried woman to speak privately with a man, the information she gathered was skewed by her gender. This is an example of the error of:

Interference

14. To determine the value of a variable in a specific case, a procedure called____ is used:

Measurement

15. Michelle conducts a survey on a group of construction workers, then does the same survey to another group of workers the following week, but finds that their answers differ greatly. If we assume that both groups have the same attitudes, Michelle`s measurements would be lacking:

Reliability

16. Investigators use ___ to limit distortion caused by personal values

Replication

17. ___ is something scientists strive for and is defined as “personal neutrality in conducting research”

Objectivity

18. To check whether the correlation between two variables is spurious, a sociologist keeps all the variables the same except one in order to see clearly the effect of that variable. The sociologist uses the technique called:

Control

19. Which are the three major sociological research orientations?

Scientific, interpretive and critical

20. When a sociologist specifies exactly what is to be measured before assigning a value to a variable, he or she is said to ___ the variable

Operationalize

21. Because people chose research topics according to their personal beliefs and interests, the topics are considered to be __

Value- relevant

22. Tyrone identifies independent and dependent variables, measures the initial value of the dependent variable, exposes the dependent variable to the independent variable, and measures the dependent variable again. He has used the research method:

Experiment

23. To establish ___, scientists look at the relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable.

Cause-and-effect

CHAPTER 3

1. ___ is an example of a counterculture:

The “hippies” of the 1960s

2. ___ are a set of adjectives that can best be used to describe the relationship between culture and society:

Interdependent, enduring, essential

3. ___ statement is most closely tied to the social-conflict approach

Like most other systems, a culture benefits some people and disadvantages others

4. Approximately what percentage of the Canadian population was born elsewhere?

20%

5. ___ theoretical approach assumes that cultural patterns are shaped by humanity’s biological evolution:

Sociobiology

6. ___ is an example of a value conflict in Canada:

People believe in equality of opportunity, yet discriminate based on race

7. During her first week at her new job in Ottawa, Priya is surprised to meet someone from the same town in which she grew up in Eastern India. This demonstrates the strong impact of ___:

Global migration

8. ___is an example of cultural integration in Canada:

Women are beginning to marry later in life in order to establish a career

9. Mandy believes that people who share culture generally work together to meet common needs. Mandy would agree with ____ statement:

Cultural patterns are rooted in a society’s core values and beliefs

10. Some married couples are not faithful to each other. This finding illustrates the need to distinguish between ___ and ___

Ideal culture and real culture

11. People who live in “Little Havana” in Miami represent a

Subculture

12. Cultural change comes about through intervention, discovery and diffusion. ___ is an example of discovery:

Scientist Alexander Fleming noticed a strange mold growing on some of hi sowrk materials, which turned out to be penicillin.

13. ___ best illustrates the difference between popular culture and high culture:

“I’ll text-message you after we land in Toronto” and “I’ll give you a shout-out later”

14. ___ is an example of recently created modern symbols

Text-message abbreviations

15. The meanings attached to symbols ___

Can vary among individuals or groups within a single society

16. What question would a sociologist studying culture using the sociobiology approach most likely ask?

How do our cultural patterns help us adapt to our environment?

17. Humans began to live in permanent settlements and work in specialized occupations approximately ___ years ago:

12,000

18. ___is the best way to identify a distinctive culture:

Language

19. The Canadian Blackberry is an example of cultural change through:

Discovery

20. ____ is likely to experience the most severe cultural shock

Raj’s company transfers him from their main office in Vancouver to a satellite office in Lima

21. ___ can most accurately be used to support the claim that culture is constantly changing:

Symbols such as “lol”, “cu” and “brb” came into existence following the creation of new methods of communication

CHAPTER 4

1. ___ introduced the term postindustrialism to refer to the production of information using computer technology

Daniel Bell

2. ___ collaborated with Karl Marx to write the Manifesto of the Communist Party

Friedrich Engels

3. The bourgeoisie was a new capitalist class made up of:

Merchants and skilled crafts workers

4. In Jill’s presentation on Karl Marx, she discussed how he viewed ___ as a society’s infrastructure

The economy

5. Jorge writes and analysis of the Information Revolution and its effects on society. He is focusing on the analysis of an ___ society

Post-industrial

6. The Pygmies of Central Africa are an example of a ___ society

Hunting and gathering

7. ___ is the simplest of all societies in terms of its technology

Hunting and Gathering

8. Karl Marx, Max Weber and Emile Durkheim are all considered

Sociology’s founders

9. Gerhard Lenski used the term ___ to name changes that occur in a society as a result of gaining new technology

Sociocultural evolution

10. Increased living standards, diversification and specialization, and reduced importance of family are all results of :

Industrialisation

11. Societies with ___ technology can support only a few people because they have little control over nature

Simple

12. Marie was given the topic of ___, which says that hw humans produce material goods shapes their experienced

Materialism

13. People who sell their labour for wages are called

Proletarians

14. The struggles between segments of society over valued resourced is called:

Social conflict

15. As a result of the production allowed by agrarian societies, ___ was invented to preplace the old barter system

Money

16. In hunting and gathering societies, about __ percent of children reach the age of 20

50%

17. Agrarian societies have existed for about 5000 years, their main technological advancement was the animal-drawn plow, they support millions of people, and :

Cities became common but were home to only a small proportion of the population

18. “In a country so rich, how could so many people be so poor?” said:

Karl Marx

19. The first humans to plant gardens lived in fertile regions of :

The Middle East

20. Chana studies the shift in power between men and women as a result of women`s losing control over food production. She studies a __ society:

Agrarian

21. ___ is the real “enemy” of a hunting and gathering society

Nature and its power through drought and storm to decimate a food supply

22. In Marx’s theory, two main classes of people - ___ and ___ struggle for valued resources

Capitalists and Proletarians

23. ___ societies were defined by their large-scale cultivation made possible by using plows harnessed to animals and other powerful sources of energy

Agrarian

CHAPTER 5

1. When one signs up for the Army, they are assigned a number, given a uniform, and told to shave their hair. If you consider the Army a total institution, what process is this:

Resocialization

2. ___ is the main cause of the pattern we describe as “teenage rebellion” in Canada

Cultural inconsistencies

3. ___ is a distinctive contribution of school to the socialization process

School allows students to interact with people of different backgrounds

4. In general, ___ are more likely to help a teacher clean her classroom

Girls

5. During which staged of dying would a person offer to dedicate time to charity in exchange for living a few extra months?

Negotiation

6. How might childhood in a low-income nation such as Angola differ from childhood in Canada?

A child in Angola is more likely to have to work for income

7. According to Erik H. Erikson,in the middle of adulthood you’d likely be concerned about ___

Whether or not you are making a difference

8. How does industrialization affect the social standing of elderly members of society

Non- industrialized nations view elderly as sources of wisdom

9. What part does Mead say role-playing has in the development of the self?

It helps us learn to see ourselves as others see us

10. ___ contributes to “hurries child” syndrome

Considerable sex and violence on television and in other mass media

11. ___ correctly captures the meaning of the “looking glass self”

“I am what you think I am”

12. ___ is the concept that George Mead uses to refer to the active, spontaneous, and creative aspect of the self

The “I”

13. ___ has the strongest influence on the socialization of children

Parents

14. Why might a teenager suddenly start listening to a new type of music?

She is engaging in anticipatory socialization

15. What did George Mead mean by the concept “generalized other”

A person comes to recognize widespread cultural norms and values and uses them in evaluations

16. Which element in Freud’s theory of personality represents the power of morality on behaviour?

The superego

17. What did Gilligan thing was the biggest flaw in Kohlberg’s development theory?

It focused only on male subjects

18. What is the first step of re-socialization in a total institution such as prison?

The removal of an inmate’s existing identity

19. What can we learn from the Harlow’s monkey studies?

Isolating early in life can cause irreversible damage

20. At which stage of dying would a person pretend that nothing has changed

Denial

21. How does childhood differ between underdeveloped nations and Canada?

Underdeveloped nations place a greater emphasis on a child’s value as a member of the workforce

22. How do Piaget’s and Freud’s views on human development differ?

Freud believed that people were passive of their own development, while Piaget thought that they were active in their growth

23. Imagine that man robs a neighbour in order to feed his family. According the Carol Gilligan, how is a boy likely to view this situation:

The man broke the law and should be justly punished

CHAPTER 6

1. People act different within different social groups. Erving Goffman would state this behaviour:

Our ability to shape personal performances

2. The woman does all the housework and husband goes to work typically in:

India

3. Humour that touches on universal human experiences is likely to break

The culture barrier

4. When people’s partners and friends define situations in specific way to encourage yout o experience specific feelings, they are providing :

Emotional scripts

5. Results of an experiment based on shaking people’s hands with your left hand:

People become mildly confused by these actions because a social rule has been broken

6. Son asks father why he became a lawyer and he says “I like to help people and I want to give back to the community”. Father is engaging in ___

Idealization

7. The term ___ refers to a number of roles attached to a single status

Role set

8. Emotions have both a ___ and a ___ basis

Biological and cultural

9. Separating parts of your life like being a mother and a business woman shows that you are attempting to minimize:

Role conflict

10. Merrill considers herself a mother, a wife, a chef and a sister. Which of these is the best example of an ascribed status:

Sister

11. The social construction of reality is ___

The process by which people shape reality through social interaction

12. According to Goffman, the personal performances we present include ___

Dialogue, props, costumes and solutions

13. People talking at a party, he gestures widely, touches her arm, moves in and out of her personal space at will. Example of :

Social power

14. ___ is most likely to experience role conflict

A teenage mother who is still attending high school

15. Sociologist Harold Garfinkel coined the term ___ to describe his approach to learning how people make sense of their everyday surroundings

Ethnomethodology

16. ___ is an example of intentionally creating reality through social interaction

A rowdy college student presents herself as calm and polite, trying to make a good impression on her new roommate

17. The behaviour expected of someone who holds a particular status is called:

A role

18. An individual who acts in a worthy way becomes a worthy person in the eyes of others. This statement is an example of :

The Thomas theorem

19. What is the most significant form of nonverbal communication?

Facial expressions

20. Goffman’s concept of dramaturgical analysis involves studying ___ in terms of performance

Social interaction

21. A parent who wants to be loving and understanding while also settling limits and maintaining discipline in the family is experiencing role ___

Strain

22. A role is ____

The behaviour expected of someone who holds a particular status