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MPU 2222CHAPTER 2PRINCIPLES OF MORAL AND ETHICSTHEORIES IN MORAL SYSTEMFACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND GENERAL STUDIESPREPARED BY:NURSYAHIDA MOHD JAAFARSlide # of 17TOPICCHAPTER NO: Chapter Name 1Social MoralityPersonality virtuesTeleological ethic theories2.1 Theories and Beliefs System Deontological ethic theoryTHEORIES IN MORAL SYSTEMSlide # of 17TOPICCHAPTER NO: Chapter Name This theory refers to standards or moral measurement in a certain society based on norms & taboos within that society to ensure the social morality within.

It is the quality of being in given with standards of right or good conduct or a system of ideas that fall into the same categories.

Moral quality involving a course of action. A person living in a society will use the rules or habits following the right and wrong conducts that he/she understands.

2.1 Theories and Beliefs System2.1.1 Theory of Social MoralitySlide # of 17TOPICCHAPTER NO: Chapter Name 8UnityDisunity

INTRODUCTIONIn 1957HarmonyCooperationIn 2012DisharmonyConflictSlide # of 17TOPICCHAPTER NO: Chapter Name INTRODUCTIONHow do you maintain the stability and the peacefulness of a society?

1957

2011This situation happened because we do not apply the moral system in our daily life.Slide # of 17TOPICCHAPTER NO: Chapter Name IntroductionThe objective of the theory of normative obligation is to guide us to make decisions and judgments about actions in certain situations i.e. to try to determine what we and other people ought to do.

We consider what we, or they, should do in a given situation, and whether what we, or they, do is right and wrong.

We not only act as an agent, but also as a witness, adviser, teacher, judge and critic in morality.

In this chapter, we will go into detailed some general theories about normative ethics that have been propounded.Slide # of 17TOPICCHAPTER NO: Chapter Name ACTIVITYASSIGNMENT 1

Watch the movie properly and explain the theories system such as social morality, personality virtue, teleological ethics and deontological ethic based on the question given. Please provide examples from the movie for each explanations. This assignment contains 30 marks.Slide # of 17TOPICCHAPTER NO: Chapter Name 26 There are words about religious morality in society. Items that fall into the morally sound category are qualities like good, goodness, rightness, virtue and righteousness.

It is a complex system of general principles and particular judgments based on cultural, religious and philosophical concepts & beliefs, thus regulating behavior. When someone conforms to this systematic arrangement of morality, society will consider this person to have moral sense.

Example: click here

2.1 Theories and Beliefs System2.1.1 Theory of Social MoralitySlide # of 17TOPICCHAPTER NO: Chapter Name 92.1 Theories and Beliefs SystemMalayIndianChinese

Belief:Muslims practice a disciplined life based on the Quran & Hadith

Example: fasting in RamadhanAlcohol drink is prohibited

2.1.1 Theory of Social MoralityThe culture, traditional norms and belief (religions) also influence the system in morality. Society In Malaysian contextSlide # of 17TOPICCHAPTER NO: Chapter Name 102.1 Theories and Beliefs SystemBelief:Hindu Indians observe their life through the writings of Ramayana and Upanishads

Example: Most Indian do not eat beef.

2.1.1 Theory of Social MoralityMalayIndianChineseThe culture, traditional norms and belief also influence the system in morality. Society In Malaysian contextSlide # of 17TOPICCHAPTER NO: Chapter Name 112.1 Theories and Beliefs SystemThe culture, traditional norms and belief also influence the system in morality. Belief:Most Chinese are Buddhist. Hence they believe in the teachings of Buddha.

2.1.1 Theory of Social MoralityMalayIndianChineseSociety In Malaysian contextSlide # of 17TOPICCHAPTER NO: Chapter Name 121 Results in authoritarian situation Reduces autonomy of members of society, increases authority of those in power. For instance, some societal regulations prohibit the public from criticizing moral values in the regulations that have been implemented such as police brutality.2Different societies When different societies have laws, regulations and customs, and moral values, moral relativism can cause conflict and social tension.E.g. The racial riots of May 13, 1969 remain black mark in our countrys history.3Old rulesOld rules might not apply with new situations that threatens happiness and peace of society.4. InsecurePeople can still rebel, disobey the rules1.3 TopicWeaknessSlide # of 17TOPICCHAPTER NO: Chapter Name ACTIVITYGROUP ACTIVITY Form into a group with different religions of your choice.

Discuss and list down some rules set by that religion that will help you become a better person.

Use these rules as a basis to argue why the religion is better.

Slide # of 17TOPICCHAPTER NO: Chapter Name 142.1.2 Theory of Personality Virtue

AristotlePersonality virtue is an ethic of good value. It is a process of inclination with a purpose. It is not a natural matter that exist in a human being. It needs training and practices. For an individual who considers to obtain this virtue, he/she must follow the concept of MIDDLE WAY.

2.1 Theories and Beliefs SystemSlide # of 17TOPICCHAPTER NO: Chapter Name 162.1.2 Theory of Personality Virtue2.1 Theories and Beliefs SystemIn philosophy especially that of Aristotle, the Middle way is the most desirable middle between the two extremes, one of excess and the other of deficiency.

Example: Courage is a virtue, if taken to excess would manifest as recklessness and if deficient as cowardice. Slide # of 17TOPICCHAPTER NO: Chapter Name 17TOPIC OUTLINESIntroduction2.1 Theories and Beliefs System2.1.1 Theory of Social Morality2.1.2 Theory of Personality Virtue2.1.3 Theory of Teleological Ethics2.1.4 Theory of DeontologyActivity

Slide # of 17TOPICCHAPTER NO: Chapter Name 3Personality virtues are habits, which means that they are ordinary deeds that are definite and prominent. When such habits are formed, a stable tendency develops in the individual and this can be called that individuals characteristics.

Example : click here

Personality virtues is good: it defer from bad habits and vices. They are perfect, and allow us to act in the best possible manner. With the acquisition of personality virtues, we become good individuals. Vices, on the other hand, have an opposite effect on us they are destructive within our capacity.

Example : click here

Slide # of 17TOPICCHAPTER NO: Chapter Name 2.1.3 Theory of Teleological Ethics2.1 Theories and Beliefs SystemLying is wrong because it will produce negative result, but under certain foreseeable consequences lying is acceptable.

Example:Ali has to lie to his mother about his awful examination result in order to make her mother happy.

If the effect is positive, the action should be allowedGood deed is considered wrong when the action lead to unpleasant result.

Example: See the clip below.

If the effect is negative, the action should be forbidden

Slide # of 17TOPICCHAPTER NO: Chapter Name Example 2: NO EXPLANATION. Please write a short explanation.21

2.1.3 Theory of Teleological Ethics2.1 Theories and Beliefs SystemSlide # of 17TOPICCHAPTER NO: Chapter Name 22 The deontological theory states that people should adhere to their obligations and duties when analyzing an ethical dilemma. This means that a person will follow his or her obligations to another individual or society because upholding ones duty is what considered ethically correct.

Hence, a person who follows this theory will produce very consistent decisions since they will be based on the individuals set duties

Deontology derives the rightness or wrongness of ones conduct from the character of the behavior itself rather than the outcomes of the conduct.

2.1.4 Theory of Deontology 2.1 Theories and Beliefs SystemExample:A deontologist will always keep his promises to a friend and will follow the law. Example:A deontologist might argue that lying is always wrong, regardless of any potential good that might come from lying. Slide # of 17TOPICCHAPTER NO: Chapter Name Action is done based on the obligation/responsibility value within that particular action.

Example: An older brother may have an obligation to protect his little sister when they cross a busy road together.

Example 2: click here to view

It focus on the condition of human existence, and an individuals emotions, actions, responsibilities and thought. It emphasize that a value, whether good or bad, must be based on an individuals own choice.Example:Ahmad furthers his study after SPM because of his own choice. This is a good value. Example : click here to view

2.1.4 Theory of Deontology 2.1 Theories and Beliefs SystemSlide # of 17TOPICCHAPTER NO: Chapter Name 25Moral is a system of rules and regulation standards used to produce honest, decent, and ethical results.

Social morality is a notion of how we ought to behave and the reality of how people should behave.

Personality virtue is often a doctrines or moral duties that support the quality of an action which renders it good.

Teleological theory discuss about the consequences of certain action.

Deontological theory is about responsibility and obligation.

SUMMARYSlide # of 17TOPICCHAPTER NO: Chapter Name REFERENCESETD. (2002). Moral Studies. Kuala Lumpur: Cosmopoint Sdn Bhd.

Abd. Rahman Md. Arof, (1999). Pendidikan Moral, Teori Etika dan Amalan Moral. Penerbit; Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang.

http://www.hinau.co.nz/About%20Social%20Morality%20and%20Law.htm

The Urantia Book; Paper 16, Section 7, Morals, Virtue, and Personality, http://urantiabook.org/newbook/ub/ppr016_7.html

Teleological Ethical Theory, http://catpages.nwmissouri.edu/m/rfield/274guide /274overview4.htm

Catherine Rainbow, Descriptions of Ethical Theories and Principles, http://www.bio.davidson.edu/people/abernd/indep/carainbow/Theories. Html.

Slide # of 17TOPICCHAPTER NO: Chapter Name AppendixFiguresResourcesFig. 1http://malaysia831.com/data/image/merdeka.jpg&imgrefurlFig. 2http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_2F9nTcAJr7c/SmGd4jB_KRI/AAAAAAAAHY0/C79lePr26W8/s1600/no_to_BN.jpg&imgrefurlFig. 3http://anjungweb.com/wpcontent/uploads/2010/02/al-quran.jpg&imgrefurlFig. 4http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_OrPiYD1RcAs/SUo_60wGv4I/AAAAAAAACtE/SYCYE-DK-g8/s320/105.gif&imgrefurllFig. 5http://www.exoticindiaart.com/books/kena_upanishad_a_study_from_sakta_perspective_idg417.jpg&imgrefurlFig. 6http://www.history-of-china.com/img/buddhism-book.jpg&imgrefurlFig. 7http://photo.goodreads.com/books/1174577328l/418421.jpg&imgrefurlSlide # of 17TOPICCHAPTER NO: Chapter Name AppendixFiguresResourcesFig. 8http://danliterature.files.wordpress.com/2010/05/albert-einstein5.jpg&imgrefurlFig. 9http://www.nd.edu/~lumen/2005_03/images/aristotle_lumen.gif&imgrefurlFig. 10http://www.malaysiacfp.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/children.jpg&imgrefurlFig. 11Taken from LAD photo collection (learning kit)Fig. 12Taken from LAD photo collection (learning kit)

Fig. 13http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_9nppnMoerG0/TGLcrE3xHrI/AAAAAAAAAIg/QVZJqDzpftU/s1600/right-wrong.jpg&imgrefurlSlide # of 17TOPICCHAPTER NO: Chapter Name AppendixFiguresResourcesFig. 19http://static.photaki.com/collection-and-collage-of-parts-ofthehumansmileface_229380.jpg&imgrefurlFig. 20http://wallpapermovie.net/wallpaperOnizlemeDosyalar/Sean_Penn_in_I_Am_Sam_Wallpaper_2_800.jpg&imgrefurlSlide # of 17TOPICCHAPTER NO: Chapter Name NEXT SESSION PREVIEWYOUR NEXT SESSION WILL BE:

CHAPTER 3: The Values of Religion and Beliefs Slide # of 17TOPICCHAPTER NO: Chapter Name